312. Every corporation legally constituted is an artificial or ideal person, whose existence and succession are perpetual, or sometimes for a fixed period only, and which is capable of enjoying certain rights and liable to certain obligations.
313. A corporation is constituted by Ordinance, by Royal Charter, by Acts of the Imperial Parliament, or by prescription.
314. Corporations are aggregate or sole.
Corporations aggregate are those composed of several members; corporations sole are those consisting of a single individual.
315. Corporations are either religious or secular.
Religious corporations are aggregate or sole. They are all public.
Secular corporations are either aggregate or sole. They are either public or private.
316. Secular corporations are further divided into political and civil; those that are political are governed by the public law, and only fall within the control of the civil law in their relations, in certain respects, to individual members of society.
Civil corporations constituting, by the fact of their incorporation, ideal or artificial persons, are as such governed by the laws affecting individuals; except as regards the privileges they enjoy and the disabilities to which they are subjected.