Revised Laws of Saint Lucia (2023)

PART 2
PERSONNEL LICENSING

2.1   GENERAL LICENSING REQUIREMENTS

2.1.1   General

2.1.1.1   Applicability

1.  

   This Part prescribes—

   1.  

      (a)     the requirements for issuing airman licences, and ratings; and authorisations to those licences, as applicable;

   1.  

      (b)     the conditions under which those licences, ratings, and authorizations are necessary; and

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      (c)     the privileges and limitations of holders of those licences, ratings, and authorisations.

2.1.1.2   Definitions

1.  

   For the purpose of this Part, the following definitions shall apply—

   1.  

      “Accredited medical conclusion” means the conclusion reached by one or more medical experts acceptable to the Licensing Authority for the purpose of the case concerned, in consultation with other experts as necessary;

   1.  

      “Advanced flight training device” means a flight training device that has a cockpit that accurately replicates a specific make, model, and type aircraft cockpit, and handling characteristics that accurately model the aircraft handling characteristics;

   1.  

      “Aviation Maintenance Technician” means a person approved by the Authority to perform defined maintenance upon aeronautical products; the term “aviation maintenance technician” as used herein can include persons similarly qualified and referred to as “licenced mechanic,” “certificated (certified) mechanic,” “aviation maintenance engineer,” “licenced engineer,” or by other terms, all of which mean an aviation maintenance licence holder;

   1.  

      “Complex aeroplane” means an aeroplane having retractable landing gear (except in seaplanes), flaps, and a controllable propeller;

   1.  

      “Core curriculum” means a set of courses approved by the Authority, for use by an ATO and its satellite ATOs. The core curriculum consists of training that is required for licensing or aircraft ratings. It does not include training for tasks and circumstances unique to a particular user;

   1.  

      “Flight training equipment” means flight simulators, flight training devices, and aircraft;

   1.  

      “High-performance aeroplane” means an aeroplane with an engine of more than 200 horsepower;

   1.  

      “Operating position” means an air traffic control function performed within or directly associated with a control facility;

   1.  

      “Psychosis” means a mental disorder in which the individual has manifested delusions, hallucinations, grossly bizarre or disorganised behaviour, or other commonly accepted symptoms of this condition; or the individual may reasonably be expected to manifest delusions, hallucinations, grossly bizarre or disorganised behaviour, or other commonly accepted symptoms of this condition;

   1.  

      “Substance abuse” refers to—

      1.  

         (a)     the use of a substance in a situation in which that use was physically hazardous, if there has been at any other time an instance of the use of a substance also in a situation in which that use was physically hazardous;

      1.  

         (b)     a verified positive drug test result acquired under an anti-drug program or internal program of the Saint Lucia government; or

      1.  

         (c)     misuse of a substance that the Authority, based on case history and qualified medical judgement relating to the substance involved, finds makes the applicant unable to safely perform the duties or exercise the privileges of the airman certificate applied for or held; or may reasonably be expected, for the maximum duration of the airman medical certificate applied for or held, to make the applicant unable to perform those duties or exercise those privileges;

   1.  

      “Substance dependence” means a condition in which a person is dependent on a substance, other than tobacco or ordinary xanthine-containing (e.g., caffeine) beverages, as evidenced by increased tolerance; manifestation of withdrawal symptoms; impaired control of use; or continued use despite damage to physical health or impairment of social, personal, or occupational functioning;

   1.  

      “Substance” means alcohol, sedatives, hypnotics, anxiolytics, hallucinogens, opioids, cannabis, inhalants, central nervous system stimulants such as cocaine, amphetamines, and similarly acting sympathomimetics, phencyclidine or similarly acting arylcyclohexylamines, and other psychoactive drugs and chemicals.

2.1.1.3   Acronyms

1.  

   The following acronyms are used in this Part:

   1.  

      AME – Aviation Medical Examiner

   1.  

      AMO – Approved Maintenance Organisation

   1.  

      AMT – Aviation Maintenance Technician

   1.  

      AOC – Air Operator Certificate (Civil Aviation Law)

   1.  

      ATO – Aviation Training Organisation

   1.  

      AC – Advisory Circular

   1.  

      cm – centimetre(s)

   1.  

      dB – decibels (relative to as 1 microPascal)

   1.  

      IA – Inspection Authorisation

   1.  

      IFR – Instrument Flight Rules

   1.  

      ICAO – International Civil Aviation Organisation (Civil Aviation Law)

   1.  

      PIC – Pilot In Command

   1.  

      Co-Pilot

   1.  

      VFR – Visual Flight Rules

   1.  

      OECS – Organisation of Eastern Caribbean States

   1.  

      LWTR – Licence Without Type Rating

2.1.2   Licences, Ratings, and Authorisations

2.1.2.1   Applicability

1.  

   This section describes the licences, ratings and pilot authorisations issued by the Authority and prescribes the requirements for testing and validating such licences, ratings and authorisations.

2.1.2.1(a)   Application

1.  

   An applicant for a pilot licence shall apply to the Authority in the manner prescribed in IS 2.1.2.1(a).

2.1.2.2   Licences Issued

1.  

   The Authority may issue the following licences under this Part—

   1.  

      (a)     pilot licences—

      1.  

         (i)     student pilot,

      1.  

         (ii)     private pilot,

      1.  

         (iii)     commercial pilot, and

      1.  

         (iv)     airline transport pilot;

   1.  

      (b)     flight engineer licence;

   1.  

      (c)     air traffic controller licence;

   1.  

      (d)     AMT licence.

2.1.2.3   Ratings Issued

1.  

   (1)     The Authority may issue the following ratings for pilots—

   1.  

      (a)     Category ratings in the following aircraft:

      1.  

         (i)     Aeroplane,

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         (ii)     Rotorcraft,

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         (iii)     Glider,

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         (iv)     Lighter-than-air,

      1.  

         (v)     Power lift;

   1.  

      (b)     Class ratings in the following aeroplanes:

      1.  

         (i)     Single-engine, land,

      1.  

         (ii)     Single-engine, sea,

      1.  

         (iii)     Multi-engine, land,

      1.  

         (iv)     Multi-engine, sea;

   1.  

      (c)     Class ratings in the following rotorcraft:

      1.  

         (i)     Helicopter,

      1.  

         (ii)     Gyroplane;

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      (d)     Class ratings in the following lighter-than-air aircraft:

      1.  

         (i)     Airship,

      1.  

         (ii)     Free balloon;

   1.  

      (e)     Type ratings in the following aircraft:

      1.  

         (i)     Large aircraft, other than lighter-than-air,

      1.  

         (ii)     Small turbojet powered aeroplanes,

      1.  

         (iii)     Small helicopters for operations requiring an airline transport certificate,

      1.  

         (iv)     Aircraft certified for at least 2 pilots,

      1.  

         (v)     Any aircraft considered necessary by the Authority;

   1.  

      (f)     Instrument ratings in the following aircraft:

      1.  

         (i)     Instrument – Aeroplane,

      1.  

         (ii)     Instrument – Helicopter;

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      (g)     Flight Instructor

      1.  

         (i)     Single engine,

      1.  

         (ii)     Multi-engine,

      1.  

         (iii)     Instrument.

1.  

   (2)     The Authority may place the category, class, or type rating on a pilot licence when issuing that licence, provided the rating reflects the appropriate category, class, or type aircraft used to demonstrate skill and knowledge for its issuance.

1.  

   (3)     The Authority may issue the following ratings for flight engineers:

   1.  

      (a)     reciprocating engine powered;

   1.  

      (b)     turbopropeller powered; and

   1.  

      (c)     turbojet powered.

1.  

   (4)     The Authority may issue a facility rating for air traffic controllers.

1.  

   (5)     The Authority may issue the following ratings for AMTs:

   1.  

      (a)     Airframe;

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      (b)     Powerplant.

1.  

   (6)     The Authority may issue the following ratings for ARSs:

   1.  

      (a)     Propellers;

   1.  

      (b)     Avionics;

   1.  

      (c)     Instrument;

   1.  

      (d)     Computer;

   1.  

      (e)     Accessories;

   1.  

      (f)     Experimental Aircraft Builder.

1.  

   (7)     The Authority may issue the following type ratings for parachute riggers:

   1.  

      (a)     Seat;

   1.  

      (b)     Back;

   1.  

      (c)     Chest;

   1.  

      (d)     Lap.

2.1.2.4   Authorisations Issued

1.  

   The Authority may issue the following authorisations under this Part—

   1.  

      (a)     Category II pilot authorisation;

   1.  

      (b)     Category III pilot authorisation.

2.1.2.5   Duration of Licences, Ratings, and Authorisations

1.  

   The Authority issues all licences with a specific expiration date in accordance with IS: 2.1.2.5.

2.1.2.6   (Reserved)

2.1.2.7   General Requirements: Personnel Licences, Ratings, and Authorisations

1.  

   (1)     The Authority may issue to an applicant who cannot comply with certain eligibility requirements or areas of operations required for the issue of a licence because of physical limitations, or for other reasons, a licence, rating, or authorisation with an appropriate limitation provided the—

   1.  

      (a)     applicant is able to meet all other certification requirements for the licence, rating, or authorisation sought;

   1.  

      (b)     physical limitation, if any, has been recorded with the Authority on the applicant's medical records; and

   1.  

      (c)     Authority determines that the applicant's inability to perform the particular area of operation will not adversely affect safety.

1.  

   (2)     The Authority may remove a limitation placed on a person's licence provided that person demonstrates to an examiner or inspector satisfactory proficiency in the area of operation to which the limitation applies, or otherwise shows compliance with conditions to remove the limitation, as applicable.

1.  

   (3)     A person shall not act as a required pilot of a civil aircraft of foreign registry within Saint Lucia, unless that person's pilot licence was issued under this Part, or was issued or validated by the country in which the aircraft is registered.

1.  

   (4)     A person shall not act as a pilot, flight instructor, required flight crew member, or an air traffic controller unless that person holds an appropriate and current medical certificate issued under this Part, or other documentation acceptable to the Authority.

Implementing Standard: See IS: 2.5.2.3 for persons exempt from holding a medical certificate.

1.  

   (5)     Flight instructor rating

   1.  

      (a)     Except as provided in paragraph (b) a person other than the holder of a flight instructor rating with appropriate endorsements on his or her licence shall not—

      1.  

         (i)     give training required to qualify a person for solo flight and solo cross country flight,

      1.  

         (ii)     endorse an applicant for a pilot, flight instructor, or ground instructor licence or rating issued under this part,

      1.  

         (iii)     endorse a pilot logbook to show training given, or

      1.  

         (iv)     endorse a student pilot licence and logbook for solo operating privileges;

   1.  

      (b)     The following instructors do not have to hold a flight instructor rating—

      1.  

         (i)     the holder of a commercial pilot licence with a lighter-than air rating, provided the training is given in a lighter-than-air aircraft,

      1.  

         (ii)     the holder of an airline transport pilot licence with appropriate ratings, provided the training is conducted in accordance with an approved air carrier training program,

      1.  

         (ii)     a person who is qualified in accordance with Part 3, Subpart 3.4, provided the training is conducted in accordance with an approved training program,

      1.  

         (iv)     a flight instructor, qualified in accordance with 2.1.4.8, not rated by the Authority, or

      1.  

         (v)     the holder of a ground instructor licence in accordance with the privileges of the licence.

1.  

   (6)     A person shall not act as the PIC or co-pilot of an aircraft unless that person holds the appropriate category, class, and type rating (if a class rating and type rating is required) for the aircraft to be flown, except where the pilot:

   1.  

      (a)     is receiving training for the purpose of obtaining an additional pilot licence or rating that is appropriate to that aircraft while under the supervision of an authorised instructor; or

   1.  

      (b)     has received training required by this Part that is appropriate to the aircraft category, class, and type rating (if a class or type rating is required) for the aircraft to be flown, and has received the required endorsements from an authorised instructor.

1.  

   (7)     A pilot shall not act as PIC of an aircraft that is carrying another person, or is operated for compensation or hire, unless that pilot holds a category, class, and type rating (if a class and type rating is required) that applies to the aircraft.

Note: This subsection does not require a category and class rating for an aircraft not type certified as an aeroplane, rotorcraft, glider, poweredlift, or lighter-than-air aircraft.

1.  

   (8)     Except as provided in paragraph (9), a person shall not act as PIC of a complex aeroplane, high-performance aeroplane, or a pressurised aircraft capable of flight above 25,000 feet MSL, or an aircraft that the Authority has determined requires aircraft type specific training unless the person has—

   1.  

      (a)     received and logged ground and flight training from an authorized instructor in the applicable aeroplane type, or in an approved flight simulator or approved flight training device that is representative of that, and has been found proficient in the operation and systems of that aeroplane; and

   1.  

      (b)     received a one-time endorsement in the pilot's logbook from an authorised instructor who certifies the person is proficient to operate that aircraft.

1.  

   (9)     The training and endorsement required by paragraph (8) is not required if the person has logged flight time as PIC of that type of aircraft, or in an approved flight simulator or approved flight training device that is representative of such an aircraft.

1.  

   (10)     Additional training required for operating tailwheel aeroplanes. Except as provided in paragraph (11), a person shall not act as PIC of a tailwheel aeroplane unless that person has:

   1.  

      (a)     received and logged flight training from an authorised instructor in a tailwheel aeroplane on the manoeuvres and procedures listed in paragraph (b);

   1.  

      (b)     received an endorsement in the person's logbook from an authorized instructor who found the person proficient in the operation of a tailwheel aeroplane, to include at least normal and crosswind takeoffs and landings, wheel landings (unless the manufacturer has recommended against such landings), and go around procedures.

1.  

   (11)     The training and endorsement required by paragraph (10) is not required if the person logged PIC time in a tailwheel aeroplane before.

Implementing Standard: See IS: 2.1.2.7 for details on additional requirements and exemptions to the training requirements of this subsection.

2.1.3   Validation and Conversion of Foreign and Military Licences and Ratings

2.1.3.1   Private Pilot Licence and Ratings Issued on the Basis of a Foreign Pilot Licence

1.  

   (1)     General. A person who holds a current pilot licence issued by another Contracting State may apply for and be issued a private pilot licence with the appropriate ratings, unless otherwise permitted in paragraph (6), without any further showing of proficiency if the applicant—

   1.  

      (a)     is not under an order of revocation or suspension by the country that issued the pilot licence;

   1.  

      (b)     holds a licence that does not contain an endorsement stating that the applicant has not met all of the standards of ICAO for that licence;

   1.  

      (c)     does not currently hold a pilot licence issued by the Authority;

   1.  

      (d)     holds a current medical certificate issued under this Part or a current medical certificate issued by the country that issued the applicant's pilot licence; and

   1.  

      (e)     except as provided in 2.1.2.7, is able to read, speak, write, and understand the English language.

1.  

   (2)     Aircraft ratings issued. The Authority may place upon a pilot's licence which it issues, the aircraft ratings listed on that pilot's foreign pilot licence.

1.  

   (3)     Instrument ratings issued. The Authority may issue an instrument rating on a pilot licence to a person who holds an instrument rating on a licence issued by another Contracting State provided—

   1.  

      (a)     within 24 months preceding the month in which the person applies for the instrument rating, the applicant passes the appropriate knowledge test; and

   1.  

      (b)     the applicant is able to read, speak, write, and understand the English language.

1.  

   (4)     Operating privileges and limitations. A person who receives a pilot licence under the provisions of this subsection—

   1.  

      (a)     may act as a pilot of a civil aircraft of Saint Lucia registry in accordance with the private pilot privileges authorised by this Part;

   1.  

      (b)     shall be limited to the privileges placed on the licence by the Authority;

   1.  

      (c)     shall be subject to the limitations and restrictions on the person's licence issued by the Authority and foreign pilot licence when exercising the privileges of that pilot licence in an aircraft of Saint Lucia registry; and

   1.  

      (d)     shall not exercise the privileges of the pilot licence issued by the Authority when the person's foreign pilot licence has been revoked or suspended.

1.  

   (5)     Provision for issue of a licence on the basis of a foreign licence:

   1.  

      (a)     an applicant may use only one foreign pilot licence as a basis for obtaining a pilot licence issued by the Authority;

   1.  

      (b)     an applicant for a licence under this subsection shall provide a foreign pilot licence and medical certification in the English language or accompanied by an English language transcription that has been signed by an official or representative of the foreign aviation authority that issued the foreign pilot licence;

   1.  

      (c)     the Authority will place upon a pilot licence issued under this Subsection, the pilot's foreign licence number and country of issuance.

1.  

   (6)     The Authority may issue licences other than a private licence, or other ratings, or both, based on an arrangement with another authority.

2.1.3.2   (Reserved)

2.1.3.3   Validation of Foreign Commercial and Airline Transport Pilot Licences and Ratings

1.  

   (1)     General. A person who holds a current commercial or airline transport pilot licence issued by another Contracting State may apply for a validation of that licence provided that the applicant—

   1.  

      (a)     is not under an order of revocation or suspension by the country that issued the pilot licence;

   1.  

      (b)     holds a licence that does not contain an endorsement stating that the applicant has not met all of the standards of ICAO for that licence;

   1.  

      (c)     does not currently hold a pilot licence issued by the Authority;

   1.  

      (d)     holds a current medical certificate issued by the country that issued the applicant's pilot licence; and

   1.  

      (e)     is able to read, speak, write, and understand the English language;

   1.  

      (f)     produces an application that is supported by the relevant operator;

   1.  

      (g)     holds a licence that is current and contains the appropriate ratings for the aircraft that he or she intends to operate;

   1.  

      (h)     ensures that the licence to which this validation relates remains current throughout the period of the validation.

1.  

   (2)     Aircraft ratings issued. The Authority may validate the aircraft ratings listed on that pilot's foreign pilot licence.

1.  

   (3)     Instrument ratings issued. The Authority may validate an instrument rating on a foreign pilot licence issued by another Contracting State.

1.  

   (4)     Operating privileges and limitations. A person who is issued a validation of a foreign pilot licence under the provisions of this subsection—

   1.  

      (a)     may act as a pilot of a civil aircraft of Saint Lucia registry in accordance with the pilot privileges authorised by this Part;

   1.  

      (b)     shall be limited to the privileges placed on validation certificate by the Authority;

   1.  

      (c)     shall be subject to the limitations and restrictions on the person's validation certificate issued by the Authority and foreign pilot licence when exercising the privileges of that pilot licence in an aircraft of Saint Lucia registry; and

   1.  

      (d)     shall not exercise the privileges of the validation issued by the Authority when the person's foreign pilot licence has been revoked or suspended.

1.  

   (5)     Provisions for the validation of a foreign pilots licence:

   1.  

      (a)     an applicant may use only one foreign pilot licence as a basis for obtaining a validation issued by the Authority;

   1.  

      (b)     an applicant for a validation under this subsection shall provide a foreign pilot licence and medical certification in the English language or accompanied by an English language transcription that has been signed by an official or representative of the foreign aviation authority that issued the foreign pilot licence.

Implementing Standard: See IS: 2.1.2.7 for details on additional requirements and exemptions to the training requirements of this subsection.

1.  

   (6)     The Authority will place upon the validation certificate issued under this Subsection the pilot's foreign licence number and country of issuance.

2.1.3.4   Conversion of Foreign Commercial and Airline Transport Pilot Licences and Ratings

1.  

   (1)     General. A person who holds a current commercial or airline transport pilot licence issued by another Contracting State, may apply for a conversion of that licence provided that the applicant:

   1.  

      (a)     is not under an order of revocation or suspension by the country that issued the pilot licence;

   1.  

      (b)     holds a licence that does not contain an endorsement stating that the applicant has not met all of the standards of ICAO for that licence;

   1.  

      (c)     holds a current medical certificate issued by the country that issued the applicant's pilot licence;

   1.  

      (d)     is able to read, speak, write, and understand the English language;

   1.  

      (e)     produces (submits) an application that is supported by the relevant operator;

   1.  

      (f)     holds a licence that is current and contains the appropriate ratings for the aircraft that he or she intends to operate.

1.  

   (2)     Aircraft ratings issued. The Authority may convert the aircraft ratings listed on that pilot's foreign pilot licence.

1.  

   (3)     Instrument ratings issued. The Authority may convert an instrument rating on a foreign pilot licence issued by another Contracting State.

1.  

   (4)     Operating privileges and limitations. A person who is issued a pilot licence by the Authority based on the conversion of a foreign pilot licence under the provisions of this subsection—

   1.  

      (a)     may act as a pilot of a civil aircraft of Saint Lucia registry in accordance with the pilot privileges authorised by this Part;

   1.  

      (b)     shall be limited to the privileges placed on the converted licence issued by the Authority.

1.  

   (5)     Provisions for the conversion of a foreign pilots licence:

   1.  

      (a)     an applicant may use only one foreign pilot licence as a basis for obtaining a converted licence issued by the Authority;

   1.  

      (b)     an applicant for a conversion under this subsection shall provide a foreign pilot licence and medical certification in the English language or accompanied by an English language transcription that has been signed by an official or representative of the foreign aviation authority that issued the foreign pilot licence;

Implementing Standard: See IS: 2.1.2.7 for details on additional requirements and exemptions to the training requirements of this subsection.

1.  

   (c)     an applicant for a conversion shall provide a passport to establish age and nationality;

1.  

   (d)     an applicant shall pass a Class I medical examination conducted by an authorised medical examiner;

1.  

   (e)     an applicant shall pass an examination in air law, flight rules and procedures.

2.1.4   General Testing and Training Requirements

2.1.4.1   Tests: General Procedure Tests prescribed by or under this Part are given at times and places and by persons designated by the Authority.

2.1.4.2   Knowledge test: Prerequisites and Passing Grades

1.  

   (1)     An applicant for a knowledge test shall have—

   1.  

      (a)     received an endorsement from an authorised instructor certifying that the applicant accomplished a ground-training or a homestudy course required by this Part for the licence or rating sought and is prepared for the knowledge test; and

   1.  

      (b)     proper identification at the time of application that contains the applicant's—

      1.  

         (i)     photograph,

      1.  

         (ii)     signature,

      1.  

         (iii)     date of birth, which shows the applicant meets or will meet the age requirements of this Part for the licence sought before the expiration date of the airman knowledge test report, and

      1.  

         (iv)     actual residential address, if different from the applicant's mailing address.

1.  

   (2)     The minimum passing grade for the knowledge test shall be as in IS 2.1.4.2

2.1.4.3   Practical Test: Prerequisites

1.  

   (1)     To be eligible for a practical test, an applicant shall meet all applicable requirements for the licence or rating sought.

Implementing Standard: See IS: 2.1.4.3 for the eligibility requirements of a practical test.

1.  

   (2)     If an applicant does not complete all increments of a practical test for a licence or rating on one date, the applicant shall complete all remaining increments of the test not more than 30 calendar days after that date.

1.  

   (3)     If an applicant does not satisfactorily complete all increments of the practical test for a licence or a rating within 30 calendar days after beginning the test, the applicant shall retake the entire practical test, including those increments satisfactorily completed.

2.1.4.4   Practical Tests: General Procedures

1.  

   (1)     Except as provided in paragraph (2), the Authority will determine an applicant's ability to hold a licence or rating issued under this Subpart based upon the applicant's ability to safely perform the following during a practical test—

   1.  

      (a)     perform the tasks specified in the areas of operation for the licence or rating sought within the prescribed standards;

   1.  

      (b)     demonstrate mastery of the aircraft;

   1.  

      (c)     demonstrate sound judgement; and

   1.  

      (d)     demonstrate single-pilot competence if the aircraft is type certified for single-pilot operations.

1.  

   (2)     If an applicant fails any area of operation, that applicant fails the practical test.

1.  

   (3)     An applicant is not eligible for a licence or rating sought until all the areas of operation are passed.

1.  

   (4)     The examiner or the applicant may discontinue a practical test at any time—

   1.  

      (a)     when the applicant fails one or more of the areas of operation; or

   1.  

      (b)     due to inclement weather conditions, aircraft airworthiness, or any other safety-of-flight concern.

1.  

   (5)     If a practical test is discontinued, the Authority may give the applicant credit for those areas of operation already passed, but only if the applicant—

   1.  

      (a)     passes the remainder of the practical test within the 30-day period after the date the practical test was begun;

   1.  

      (b)     presents to the examiner for the retest, the original notice of disapproval form or the letter of discontinuance form, as appropriate;

   1.  

      (c)     satisfactorily accomplishes any additional training needed and obtains the appropriate instructor endorsements, if additional training is required.

2.1.4.5   PRACTICAL TESTS: REQUIRED AIRCRAFT AND EQUIPMENT

1.  

   Except when permitted to accomplish the entire flight increment of the practical test in an approved flight simulator or an approved flight training device, an applicant for a licence or rating issued under this Part shall furnish an aircraft with the necessary equipment and controls.

1.  

   Implementing Standard: See IS: 2.1.4.5 for required equipment and controls for practical tests.

2.1.4.6   Retesting After Failure

1.  

   (1)     An applicant for a knowledge or practical test who fails that test may reapply for the test only after the applicant has received—

   1.  

      (a)     the necessary training from an authorised instructor who has determined that the applicant is proficient to pass the test; and

   1.  

      (b)     an endorsement from an authorised instructor who gave the applicant the additional training.

1.  

   (2)     An applicant for a flight instructor rating with an aeroplane category rating or, for a flight instructor rating with a glider category rating, who has failed the practical test due to deficiencies in instructional proficiency on stall awareness, spin entry, spins, or spin recovery shall—

   1.  

      (a)     comply with the requirements of paragraph (1) before being retested;

   1.  

      (b)     bring an aircraft to the retest that is of the appropriate aircraft category for the rating sought and is certified for spins; and

   1.  

      (c)     demonstrate satisfactory instructional proficiency on stall awareness, spin entry, spins, and spin recovery to an examiner during the retest.

2.1.4.7   Records of Training Time

1.  

   A person shall document and record the following time in a manner acceptable to the Authority:

   1.  

      (a)     training and aeronautical experience used to meet the requirements for a licence, rating, qualification, authorisation, or flight review of this Part;

   1.  

      (b)     the aeronautical experience required to show recent flight experience requirements of these Regulations.

1.  

   Implementing Standard: See IS: 2.1.4.7 for flight time to be recorded.

2.1.4.8   Flight Training Received From Flight Instructors Not Rated by the Authority

1.  

   (1)     A person may credit flight training toward the requirements of a pilot licence or rating if that person received the training from—

   1.  

      (a)     a flight instructor of an Armed Force in a program for training military pilots of either—

      1.  

         (i)     Saint Lucia, or

      1.  

         (ii)     another Contracting State; or

   1.  

      (b)     a flight instructor authorised to give such training by the licensing authority of a Contracting State, provided that the flight training is given outside Saint Lucia.

1.  

   (2)     A flight instructor described in paragraph (1) is authorised to give only the endorsements to show training given.

2.1.4.9   Limitations on the Use of Flight Simulators and Flight Training Devices

1.  

   (1)     Except as specified in paragraph (2) or (3), an airman shall not receive credit for use of any flight simulator or flight training device for satisfying any training, testing, or checking requirement of this Part unless that flight simulator or flight training device is approved by the Authority for—

   1.  

      (a)     the training, testing, and checking for which it is used;

   1.  

      (b)     each particular manoeuvre, procedure, or crew member function performed; and

   1.  

      (c)     the representation of the specific category and class of aircraft, type of aircraft, particular variation within the type of aircraft, or set of aircraft for certain flight training devices.

1.  

   (2)     The Authority will consider as a flight training device any device used for flight training, testing, or checking that the Authority has accepted or approved, which any user can show to function as originally designed, provided it is used for the same purposes for which it was originally accepted or approved and only to the extent of such acceptance or approval.

1.  

   (3)     The Authority may approve a device other than a flight training simulator or flight training device for specific purposes.

Implementing Standard: See IS: 2.1.4.9 for requirements on the use of approved simulators and flight training devices.

2.1.4.10   (Reserved)

2.1.4.11   Synthetic Flight Training Device

1.  

   (1)     A Synthetic Flight Training Device is classified as:

   1.  

      (a)     flight training device (FTD);

   1.  

      (b)     full flight simulator (FFS).

1.  

   (2)     Synthetic flight training devices shall be used if available otherwise an aeroplane shall be used if appropriate for the manoeuvre or procedure.

2.2   CERTIFICATION: Pilots, Flight and Ground Instructors

2.2.1   Aircraft Ratings and Pilot Authorisations

2.2.1.1   General Requirement

1.  

   To be eligible for an aircraft rating or authorisation to a pilot licence, an applicant shall meet the appropriate requirements of this section for the aircraft rating or authorisation sought.

2.2.1.2   Instrument Rating Requirements

1.  

   (1)     An applicant for an instrument rating shall—

   1.  

      (a)     hold a pilot licence with an aircraft category and class rating for the instrument rating sought;

   1.  

      (b)     receive a logbook or training record endorsement from an authorised instructor certifying that the person is prepared to take the required practical test;

   1.  

      (c)     pass the required knowledge test on the aeronautical knowledge areas, unless the applicant already holds an instrument rating in another category; and

   1.  

      (d)     pass the required practical test on the areas of operation in—

      1.  

         (i)     the aircraft category, class, and type, if applicable, appropriate to the rating sought, or

      1.  

         (ii)     a flight simulator or a flight training device appropriate to the rating sought and approved for the specific manoeuvre or procedure performed.

1.  

   (2)     Aeronautical knowledge. An applicant for an instrument rating shall have received and logged ground training from an authorized instructor on the areas of aeronautical knowledge that apply to the instrument rating.

1.  

   (3)     Flight proficiency. An applicant for an instrument rating shall receive log training from an authorised instructor in an aircraft, or in an approved flight simulator or approved flight training device, in accordance with paragraph (5).

Note: If the privileges of the instrument rating are to be exercised on multi-engined aeroplanes, the applicant shall have received dual instrument flight instruction in such an aeroplane from an authorized flight instructor. The instructor shall ensure that the applicant has operational experience in the operation of the aeroplane solely by reference to instruments with one engine inoperative or simulated inoperative.

1.  

   (4)     Aeronautical experience. An applicant for an instrument rating shall have logged the required aeronautical experience shown in the implementing standard for this subsection.

1.  

   (5)     Use of approved flight simulators or approved flight training devices. If the instrument training was provided by an authorised instructor in an approved flight simulator or an approved flight training device, an applicant may perform—

   1.  

      (a)     a maximum of 30 hours in that flight simulator or flight training device if the training was accomplished in accordance with a training program approved under Part 3, Subpart 3.2; or

   1.  

      (b)     a maximum of 20 hours in that flight simulator or flight training device if the training was not accomplished in accordance with a training program approved under Part 3, Subpart 3.2.

Implementing Standard: See IS: 2.2.1.2 for additional requirements pertaining to the knowledge test, practical test, aeronautical experience, and aeronautical knowledge areas that apply to the instrument rating.

2.2.1.3   Category Rating

1.  

   A pilot seeking a category rating—

   1.  

      (a)     shall have received the required training and possess the aeronautical experience prescribed by this Part for the aircraft category and, if applicable, class and type rating sought;

   1.  

      (b)     shall have an endorsement in his or her logbook or training record from an authorised instructor that the applicant has been found competent in the following areas, as appropriate to the pilot licence for the aircraft category and, if applicable, class and type rating sought—

      1.  

         (i)     aeronautical knowledge areas,

      1.  

         (ii)     areas of operation;

   1.  

      (c)     shall pass the practical test applicable to the pilot licence for the aircraft category and, if applicable, class and type rating sought; and

   1.  

      (d)     need not take an additional knowledge test, provided the applicant holds an aeroplane, rotorcraft, powered-lift, or airship rating at that pilot licence level.

2.2.1.4   Class Rating

1.  

   A pilot seeking an additional class rating—

   1.  

      (a)     shall have an endorsement in his or her logbook or training record from an authorised instructor that the applicant has been found competent in the following areas, as appropriate to the pilot licence and for the aircraft class rating sought:

      1.  

         (i)     aeronautical knowledge areas,

      1.  

         (ii)     areas of operation;

   1.  

      (b)     shall pass the practical test applicable to the pilot licence for the aircraft class rating sought;

   1.  

      (c)     need not meet the training time requirements prescribed by this Part for the aircraft class rating sought; and

   1.  

      (d)     need not take an additional knowledge test, provided the applicant holds an aeroplane, rotorcraft, powered-lift, or airship rating at that pilot licence level.

2.2.1.5   Type Rating

1.  

   (1)     To act as a PIC or co-pilot of any of the following aircraft, a pilot shall hold a type rating for that aircraft:

   1.  

      (a)     large aircraft (except lighter-than-air);

   1.  

      (b)     turbojet or turbofan powered aeroplanes;

   1.  

      (c)     other aircraft specified by the Authority through aircraft type certificate procedures.

1.  

   (2)     Except as specified in paragraph (f), a pilot seeking an aircraft type rating to be added on a pilot licence, or the addition of an aircraft type rating that is accomplished concurrently with an additional aircraft category or class rating—

   1.  

      (a)     shall hold or concurrently obtain an instrument rating that is appropriate to the aircraft category, class, or type rating sought;

   1.  

      (b)     shall have an endorsement in his or her logbook or training record from an authorised instructor that the applicant has been found competent in the following areas, as appropriate to the pilot licence for the aircraft category, class and type rating sought—

      1.  

         (i)     aeronautical knowledge areas,

      1.  

         (ii)     areas of operation;

   1.  

      (c)     shall pass the practical test applicable to the pilot licence for the aircraft category, class, and type rating sought;

   1.  

      (d)     except as provided for in paragraphs (5) and (6), shall perform the practical test under instrument flight rules;

   1.  

      (e)     need not take an additional knowledge test, provided the applicant holds an aeroplane, rotorcraft, powered-lift, or airship rating on their pilot licence; and

   1.  

      (f)     in the case of a pilot employee of an AOC holder, shall have—

      1.  

         (i)     met the appropriate requirements of paragraphs (a),(d) and (e) for the aircraft type rating sought, and

      1.  

         (ii)     received an endorsement in his or her flight training record from the certificate holder certifying that the applicant has completed the certificate holder's approved ground and flight training program appropriate to the aircraft type rating sought.

1.  

   (3)     An applicant for a type rating who provides an aircraft not capable of the instrument manoeuvres and procedures required by the appropriate requirements contained in 2.2.1.2 for the practical test may—

   1.  

      (a)     obtain a type rating limited to “VFR only”; and

   1.  

      (b)     remove the “VFR only” limitation for each aircraft type in which the applicant demonstrates compliance with the appropriate instrument requirements of these regulations.

1.  

   (4)     The Authority may issue to an applicant for a type rating a licence with the limitation “VFR only” for each aircraft type not equipped for the applicant to show instrument proficiency.

1.  

   (5)     An applicant for a type rating in a multiengine, single-pilot station aeroplane may meet the requirements of paragraph (2) in a multiseat version of that multiengine aeroplane.

1.  

   (6)     An applicant for a type rating in a single-engine, single-pilot station aeroplane may meet the requirements of paragraph (2) in a multiseat version of that single-engine aeroplane.

2.2.1.6   Category II and III Pilot Authorisation Requirements

1.  

   (1)     General. An applicant for a Category II or Category III pilot authorisation shall—

   1.  

      (a)     hold a pilot licence with an instrument rating or an airline transport pilot licence;

   1.  

      (b)     hold a category and class rating, and type rating, if applicable, for the aircraft for which the authorisation is sought; and

   1.  

      (c)     complete the practical test requirements.

1.  

   (2)     Experience requirements. An applicant for a Category II or Category III pilot authorisation shall have at least—

   1.  

      (a)     50 hours of night flight time as PIC;

   1.  

      (b)     75 hours of instrument time under actual or simulated instrument conditions that may include not more than:

      1.  

         (i)     a combination of 25 hours of simulated instrument flight time in an approved flight simulator or an approved flight training device, or

      1.  

         (ii)     40 hours of simulated instrument flight time if accomplished in an approved course conducted by an appropriately rated ATO certified under Part 3, Subpart 3.2;

   1.  

      (c)     250 hours of cross-country flight time as PIC.

1.  

   (3)     Upon passing a practical test for a Category II or III pilot authorisation, a pilot may renew that authorisation for each type of aircraft for which the pilot holds authorisation.

1.  

   (4)     If the holder of a Category II or Category III pilot authorization passes the practical test for a renewal after the aurhorisation expires, the Authority shall renew the authorisation from the date the applicant satisfactorily passed the practical test.

1.  

   (5)     If the holder of a Category II or Category III pilot authorisation passes the practical test for a renewal in the month before the authorisation expires, the Authority will consider that the holder passed it during the month the authorisation expired.

Implementing Standard: See IS: 2.2.1.6 for additional requirements concerning Category II and III pilot authorisations.

2.2.1.7   (Reserved)

2.2.2   Student Pilots

2.2.2.1   Applicability

1.  

   This Subpart prescribes the requirements for the issuance of student pilot licences, the conditions under which those licences are necessary, and the general operating rules and limitations for the holders of those licences.

2.2.2.2   Eligibility Requirements for Student Pilots

1.  

   To be eligible for a student pilot licence, an applicant shall—

   1.  

      (a)     be at least 17 years of age;

   1.  

      (b)     be able to read, speak, write, and understand the English language.

2.2.2.3   Application

1.  

   An applicant for a student pilot licence shall apply to the Authority in the prescribed manner.

2.2.2.4   Solo Requirements for Student Pilots

1.  

   (1)     General. A student pilot may not operate an aircraft in solo flight unless that student has met the requirements of this subsection.

1.  

   (2)     Aeronautical knowledge.

   1.  

      (a)     a student pilot shall satisfactorily pass an aeronautical knowledge test on the following subjects—

      1.  

         (i)     applicable sections of this Part and Part 8,

      1.  

         (ii)     airspace rules and procedures for the airport where the student will perform solo flight, and

      1.  

         (iii)     flight characteristics and operational limitations for the make and model of aircraft to be flown;

   1.  

      (b)     The student's authorised instructor shall—

      1.  

         (i)     administer the test, and

      1.  

         (ii)     at the conclusion of the test, review all incorrect answers with the student before authorising that student to conduct a solo flight.

1.  

   (3)     Pre solo flight training. Prior to conducting a solo flight, a student pilot shall have—

   1.  

      (a)     received and logged flight training for the manoeuvres and procedures of this subsection that are appropriate to the make and model of aircraft to be flown; and

   1.  

      (b)     demonstrated satisfactory proficiency and safety, as judged by an authorised instructor, on the manoeuvres and procedures required by this subsection in the make and model of aircraft or similar make and model of aircraft to be flown.

1.  

   (4)     Manoeuvres and procedures for pre-solo flight training. A student pilot shall receive and log flight training for required manoeuvres and procedures.

Implementing Standard: See IS: 2.2.2.4 for required manoeuvres and procedures for a student pilot.

2.2.2.5   General Limitations

1.  

   (1)     A student pilot may not act as PIC of an aircraft—

   1.  

      (a)     that is carrying a passenger;

   1.  

      (b)     that is carrying property for compensation or hire;

   1.  

      (c)     that is operated for compensation or hire;

   1.  

      (d)     in furtherance of a business;

   1.  

      (e)     on an international flight;

   1.  

      (f)     with a flight or surface visibility of less than 3 statute miles during daylight hours or 5 statute miles at night;

   1.  

      (g)     when the flight cannot be made with visual reference to the surface; or

   1.  

      (h)     in a manner contrary to any limitations placed in the pilot's logbook by an authorised instructor.

1.  

   (2)     A student pilot shall not act as a required pilot flight crew member on any aircraft for which more than one pilot is required by the aircraft type certificate, or by these regulations under which the flight is conducted, except when receiving flight training from an authorised instructor on board an airship, and no person other than a required flight crewmember is carried on the aircraft.

1.  

   (3)     A student pilot shall not operate an aircraft in solo flight unless that student pilot has received within the 90 days preceding the date of the flight, an endorsement from an authorised instructor for the specific make and model aircraft to be flown made—

   1.  

      (a)     on his or her student pilot licence; and

   1.  

      (b)     in the student's logbook.

1.  

   (4)     A student pilot shall not operate an aircraft in solo flight at night unless that student pilot has received—

   1.  

      (a)     flight training at night that includes takeoffs, approaches, landings and go-arounds at night at the airport where the student will conduct solo flight;

   1.  

      (b)     navigation training at night in the vicinity of the airport where the student pilot will conduct solo flight; and

   1.  

      (c)     an endorsement for night solo flight.

2.2.2.6   Solo Cross-Country Flight Requirements

(a)   General.

1.  

   (1)     Except as provided in paragraph (2) a student pilot shall meet the requirements of this paragraph before—

   1.  

      (i)     conducting a solo cross-country flight, or any flight greater than 25 nautical miles from the airport from where the flight originated; and

   1.  

      (ii)     making a solo flight and landing at any location other than the airport of origination.

   1.  

      (b)     Except as provided in paragraph (2), a student pilot who seeks solo cross-country flight privileges shall—

      1.  

         (i)     have received flight training from an authorised instructor on the manoeuvres and procedures of this subsection that are appropriate to the make and model of aircraft for which solo cross-country privileges are sought;

      1.  

         (ii)     have demonstrated cross-country proficiency on the appropriate manoeuvres and procedures of this subsection to an authorised instructor;

      1.  

         (iii)     have satisfactorily accomplished the pre-solo flight manoeuvres and procedures required by IS: 2.2.2.6 in the make and model of aircraft or similar make and model of aircraft for which solo cross-country privileges are sought; and

      1.  

         (iv)     comply with any limitations included in the instructor's endorsement that are required by paragraph (3).

   1.  

      (c)     A student pilot who seeks solo cross-country flight privileges shall have received ground and flight training from an authorised instructor on the cross-country manoeuvres and procedures listed in this subsection that are appropriate to the aircraft to be flown.

1.  

   (2)     Authorisation to perform certain solo flights and cross-country flights. A student pilot shall obtain an endorsement from an authorized instructor to make solo flights, subject to the following conditions—

   1.  

      (a)     a student pilot may make solo flights to another airport that is within 25 nautical miles from the airport where the student pilot normally receives training, provided—

      1.  

         (i)     the authorised instructor who makes the endorsement gave the student pilot flight training at the other airport, and that training included flight in both directions over the route, entering and exiting the traffic pattern, and takeoffs and landings at the other airport,

      1.  

         (ii)     the student pilot has a current solo flight endorsement in accordance with 2.2.2.4,

      1.  

         (iii)     the instructor has determined that the student pilot is proficient to make the flight, and

      1.  

         (iv)     the purpose of the flight is to practise takeoffs and landings at that other airport;

   1.  

      (b)     a student pilot may make repeated specific solo cross-country flights to another airport that is within 50 nautical miles of the airport from which the flight originated, provided—

      1.  

         (i)     the authorised instructor who gave the endorsement gave the student flight training in both directions over the route, including entering and exiting the traffic patterns, takeoffs, and landings at the airport to be used,

      1.  

         (ii)     the student has current solo flight endorsements in accordance with 2.2.2.4, and

      1.  

         (iii)     the student has a current solo cross-country flight endorsement in accordance with paragraph (3), except that separate endorsements are not required for each flight made under this paragraph.

1.  

   (3)     Endorsements for solo cross-country flights. Except as specified in paragraph (2)(ii), a student pilot shall have the endorsements prescribed in this paragraph for each make and model aircraft the student will fly on each cross-country flight—

   1.  

      (a)     student pilot licence endorsement:

      1.  

              a student pilot shall have a solo cross-country endorsement placed on the student pilot licence by the authorised instructor who conducted the training;

   1.  

      (b)     logbook endorsement:

      1.  

         (i)     a student pilot shall have a solo cross-country endorsement placed in the student pilot's logbook by the authorized instructor who conducted the training,

      1.  

         (ii)     a licenced pilot who is receiving training for an additional aircraft category and class rating shall have an endorsement placed in the pilot's logbook by the authorised instructor who conducted the training.

1.  

   (4)     Manoeuvres and procedures for cross-country flight training. A student pilot who is receiving training for cross-country flight shall receive and log flight training in the required manoeuvres and procedures.

Implementing Standard: See IS: 2.2.2.6 for list of required manoeuvres and procedures.

2.2.3   Private Pilots

2.2.3.1   Applicability

1.  

   This subsection prescribes the requirements for the issuance of private pilot licences and ratings, and the conditions under which those licences and ratings are necessary.

2.2.3.2   Eligibility Requirements: General

1.  

   To be eligible for a private pilot licence, a person shall—

   1.  

      (a)     be at least 17 years of age;

   1.  

      (b)     be able to read, speak, write, and understand the English language;

   1.  

      (c)     receive a logbook endorsement for the knowledge test from an authorised instructor who—

      1.  

         (i)     conducted the training or reviewed the person's home study on the aeronautical knowledge areas listed in 2.2.3.3 that apply to the aircraft rating sought, and

      1.  

         (ii)     certified that the person is prepared for the required knowledge test;

   1.  

      (d)     pass the required knowledge test on the aeronautical knowledge areas listed in 2.2.3.3;

   1.  

      (e)     receive flight training and a logbook endorsement from an authorised instructor who—

      1.  

         (i)     conducted the training in the areas of operation listed in 2.2.3.4(a) that apply to the aircraft rating sought, and

      1.  

         (ii)     certified that the person is prepared for the required practical test;

   1.  

      (e)     meet the aeronautical experience requirements of this Subpart that apply to the aircraft rating sought before applying for the practical test;

   1.  

      (f)     pass a practical test on the areas of operation listed in 2.2.3.4(a) that apply to the aircraft rating sought;

   1.  

      (g)     comply with the appropriate sections of Subpart 2.2 that apply to the aircraft category and class rating sought.

2.2.3.3   Aeronautical Knowledge

1.  

   An applicant for a private pilot licence shall receive and log ground training from an authorised instructor or complete a home-study course on the required aeronautical knowledge areas shown in IS: 2.2.3.3.

2.2.3.4   Flight Proficiency

1.  

   An applicant for a private pilot licence shall receive and log flight training from an authorised instructor and shall receive and log ground training from an authorised instructor or complete a home-study course on the following areas of operation—

   1.  

      (a)     for all categories, class and type ratings, as applicable—

      1.  

         (i)     preflight preparation,

      1.  

         (ii)     preflight procedures,

      1.  

         (iii)     airport and seaplane base operations,

      1.  

         (iv)     takeoffs, landings, and go arounds,

      1.  

         (v)     performance manoeuvres,

      1.  

         (vi)     ground reference manoeuvres,

      1.  

         (vi)     navigation,

      1.  

         (vii)     slow flight and stalls,

      1.  

         (vii)     basic instrument manoeuvres,

      1.  

         (ix)     emergency operations,

      1.  

         (x)     night operations, and

      1.  

         (xi)     postflight procedures;

   1.  

      (b)     for the category and class ratings shown below, the applicable areas of operation shown in paragraph (a) and—

      1.  

         (i)     aeroplane category rating with a multiengine class rating—

         1.  

            1.     multiengine operations,

      1.  

         (ii)     rotorcraft category rating with a helicopter class rating—

         1.  

            1.     airport and heliport operations; and

         1.  

            2.     hovering manoeuvres,

      1.  

         (iii)     rotorcraft category rating with a gyroplane class rating—

         1.  

            1.     flight at slow airspeeds,

      1.  

         (iv)     powered-lift category rating—

         1.  

            1.     airport and heliport operations; and

         1.  

            2.     hovering manoeuvres,

      1.  

         (v)     glider category rating—

         1.  

            1.     airport and gliderport operations;

         1.  

            2.     launches and landings;

         1.  

            3.     performance speeds; and

         1.  

            4.     soaring techniques,

      1.  

         (vi)     lighter-than-air category rating with a balloon class rating—

         1.  

            1.     launches and landings.

2.2.3.5   Aeronautical Experience

1.  

   (1)     An applicant for a private pilot licence with an aeroplane, rotorcraft, or powered-lift category rating shall receive and log one of the following minimum flight training times—

   1.  

      (a)     at least 40 hours of flight time that includes at least 20 hours of flight training from an authorised instructor; and

   1.  

      (b)     10 hours of solo flight training in the areas of operation listed in 2.2.3.4.

1.  

   Implementing Standard: See IS: 2.2.3.5 for minimum aeronautical training requirement.

1.  

   (2)     Except when fewer hours are approved by the Authority, an applicant who has satisfactorily completed a private pilot course conducted by an ATO certified under Part 3, Subpart 3.2 need have only a total of 35 hours of aeronautical experience.

1.  

   (3)     When the applicant has flight time as a pilot of an aircraft in other categories, the Authority shall determine whether such experience is acceptable and, if so, the extent to which the flight time requirements of paragraph (1) may be reduced.

1.  

   (4)     An applicant for a private pilot licence may credit one of the following in an approved flight simulator or an approved flight training device representing the category, class, and type, if applicable, of aircraft appropriate to the rating sought—

   1.  

      (a)     a maximum of 2.5 hours of training, if received from an authorised instructor other than an ATO; or

   1.  

      (b)     a maximum of 5 hours of training if the training is accomplished in a course conducted by an ATO certified under Part 3, Subpart 3.2.

2.2.3.6   Cross-Country Flights: Pilots Based on Small Islands

1.  

   (1)     Except as provided in paragraph (2), an applicant located on an island from which the cross-country flight training required in 2.2.2.6 cannot be accomplished without flying over water for more than 10 nautical miles from the nearest shoreline need not comply with the requirements of that section.

1.  

   (2)     If other airports that permit civil operations are available to which a flight may be made without flying over water for more than 10 nautical miles from the nearest shoreline, the applicant shall show completion of 2 round trip solo flights between those 2 airports that are farthest apart, including a landing at each airport on both flights.

1.  

   (3)     The Authority shall issue to an applicant who complies with paragraph (1) or (2), and meets all requirements for the issuance of a private pilot licence, except the cross-country training requirements of 2.2.2.6 of this Subpart, a pilot licence with a prohibition on flights more than 10 nautical miles from (the appropriate endorsement containing the following limitation, “Passenger carrying island).”

The Authority may subsequently amend the limitation to include another island if the applicant complies with the requirements of paragraph (1) or paragraph (2) for another island.

1.  

   (4)     Upon meeting the cross-country training requirements of 2.2.2.6, an applicant may have the limitation in paragraph (3) removed.

2.2.3.7   Private Pilot Privileges and Limitations: Required Crew member

1.  

   (1)     Except as provided in paragraphs (2) through (6) , a private pilot shall not act as a required crew member of an aircraft—

   1.  

      (a)     carrying passengers or property for compensation or hire; or

   1.  

      (b)     operated for compensation or hire.

1.  

   (2)     A private pilot may, for compensation or hire, act as a required crew member of an aircraft in connection with any business or employment if—

   1.  

      (a)     the flight is only incidental to that business or employment; and

   1.  

      (b)     the aircraft does not carry passengers or property for compensation or hire.

1.  

   (3)     A private pilot may act as a required crew member of an aircraft used in a passenger carrying airlift sponsored by a charitable organisation described in paragraph (g), and for which the passengers make a donation to the organisation, when the following requirements are met—

   1.  

      (a)     the sponsor of the airlift notifies the office of the Authority with jurisdiction over the area concerned at least 7 days before the event and furnishes—

      1.  

         (i)     a signed letter from the sponsor that shows the name of the sponsor, the purpose of the charitable event, the date and time of the event, and the location of the event, and

      1.  

         (ii)     a photocopy of each required crewmember's pilot licence, medical certificate, and logbook entries that show the pilot is current and has logged at least 200 hours of flight time;

   1.  

      (b)     the flight is conducted from a public airport that is adequate for the aircraft to be used, or from another airport that has been approved by the Authority for the operation;

   1.  

      (c)     no aerobatic or formation flights are conducted;

   1.  

      (d)     an aircraft used for the charitable event holds a standard airworthiness certificate;

   1.  

      (e)     an aircraft used for the charitable event is airworthy and complies with the applicable requirements of Part 8;

   1.  

      (f)     a flight for the charitable event is made during day VFR conditions; and

   1.  

      (g)     the charitable organisation is an organisation identified as such by the appropriate authority of the government.

1.  

   (4)     A private pilot may be reimbursed for aircraft operating expenses that are directly related to search and location operations, provided the expenses involve only fuel, oil, airport expenditures, or rental fees, and the operation is sanctioned and under the direction and control of—

   1.  

      (a)     a relevant Government agency; or

   1.  

      (b)     an organisation that conducts search and location operations.

1.  

   (5)     A private pilot who is an aircraft salesman and who has at least 200 hours of logged flight time may demonstrate an aircraft in flight to a prospective buyer.

1.  

   (6)     A private pilot shall not pay less than the pro rata share of the operating expenses of a flight with passengers, provided the expenses involve only fuel, oil, airport expenditures, or rental fees.

1.  

   (7)     Except as provided in paragraphs (2) through (6), a private pilot shall not, for compensation or hire, act as SIC of an aircraft that is type certified for more than one pilot.

2.2.3.8   Private Pilot with Balloon Rating: Limitations

1.  

   (1)     If an applicant for a private pilot licence with a balloon rating takes a practical test in a balloon with an airborne heater—

   1.  

      (a)     the Authority shall place upon the pilot licence a limitation restricting the exercise of the privileges of that licence to a balloon with an airborne heater; and

   1.  

      (b)     the pilot may remove the limitation by obtaining the required aeronautical experience in a gas balloon and receiving a logbook endorsement from an authorised instructor who attests to the person's accomplishment of the required aeronautical experience and ability to satisfactorily operate a gas balloon.

1.  

   (2)     If an applicant for a private pilot licence with a balloon rating takes a practical test in a gas balloon—

   1.  

      (a)     the Authority shall place upon the pilot licence a limitation restricting the exercise of the privilege of that licence to a gas balloon; and

   1.  

      (b)     the pilot may remove the limitation by obtaining the required aeronautical experience in a balloon with an airborne heater and receiving a logbook endorsement from an authorised instructor who attests to the pilot's accomplishment of the required aeronautical experience and ability to satisfactorily operate a balloon with an airborne heater.

2.2.4   Commercial Pilots

2.2.4.1   Applicability

1.  

   This subsection prescribes the requirements for the issuance of commercial pilot licences and ratings, and the conditions under which those licences and ratings are necessary.

2.2.4.2   Eligibility requirements: General

1.  

   To be eligible for a commercial pilot licence, a person shall—

   1.  

      (a)     be at least 18 years of age;

   1.  

      (b)     be able to read, speak, write, and understand the English language;

   1.  

      (c)     receive a logbook endorsement from an authorised instructor who—

      1.  

         (i)     conducted the required ground training or reviewed the person's home study on the aeronautical knowledge areas listed in IS:2.2.4.3 that apply to the aircraft category and class rating sought, and

      1.  

         (ii)     certified that the person is prepared for the required knowledge test that applies to the aircraft category and class rating sought;

   1.  

      (d)     pass the required knowledge test on the aeronautical knowledge areas listed in IS: 2.2.4.3;

   1.  

      (e)     receive the required training and a logbook endorsement from an authorised instructor who—

      1.  

         (i)     conducted the training on the areas of operation listed in IS:2.2.4.3 that apply to the aircraft category and class rating sought, and

      1.  

         (ii)     certified that the person is prepared for the required practical test;

   1.  

      (f)     meet the aeronautical experience requirements of this Subpart that apply to the aircraft category and class rating sought before applying for the practical test;

   1.  

      (g)     pass the required practical test on the areas of operation listed in IS: 2.2.4.4 that apply to the aircraft category and class rating sought;

   1.  

      (h)     hold a private pilot licence issued under this Subpart; and

   1.  

      (i)     comply with all sections of this Subpart that apply to the aircraft category and class rating sought.

2.2.4.3   Commercial Pilot: Aeronautical Knowledge Requirements

1.  

   An applicant for a commercial pilot licence shall receive and log ground training from an authorised instructor, or complete a home-study course on the required aeronautical knowledge areas shown in IS: 2.2.4.3.

1.  

   Implementing Standard: See IS: 2.2.4.3 for specific aeronautical knowledge area requirements.

2.2.4.4   Commercial Pilot: Flight Proficiency Requirements

1.  

   An applicant for a commercial pilot licence shall complete a home study course or receive and log ground training from an authorised instructor and shall receive and log flight training from an authorised instructor on the areas of operation of this subsection that apply to the aircraft category, class and type rating sought.

1.  

   Implementing Standard: See IS: 2.2.4.4 for detailed requirements concerning training for aircraft category and class ratings sought.

2.2.4.5   Commercial Pilot: Aeronautical experience

1.  

   (1)     An applicant for a commercial pilot licence shall obtain the required 250 flight hours of aeronautical experience set forth in IS: 2.2.4.5 except when fewer hours are approved by the Authority, an applicant who has satisfactorily completed a commercial pilot course conducted by an ATO certified under Part 3, Subpart 3.2 need have only the following total aeronautical experience to meet the aeronautical experience requirements of this subsection:

   1.  

      (a)     190 hours for an aeroplane or powered-lift rating;

   1.  

      (b)     150 hours for a helicopter rating.

1.  

   (2)     An applicant for a commercial pilot licence may credit one of the maximum times for training in an approved flight simulator or approved flight training device representing the applicable category, class, and type of aircraft appropriate to the rating sought—

   1.  

      (a)     50 hours for an aeroplane or powered-lift rating;

   1.  

      (b)     25 hours for a helicopter rating;

   1.  

      (c)     100 hours for an aeroplane or powered lift rating in a course conducted by an ATO certified under Part 3, Subpart 3.2; or

   1.  

      (d)     50 hours for a helicopter rating in a course conducted by an ATO certified under Part 3, Subpart 3.2.

Implementing Standard: See IS: 2.2.4.5 for specific required aeronautical experience.

2.2.4.6   Commercial Pilot Privileges and Limitations

1.  

   (1)     Privileges:

   1.  

      (a)     General. A commercial pilot licence holder may act as PIC or co-pilot of an aircraft for compensation or hire, including the carriage of persons or property for compensation or hire, provided the pilot is qualified in accordance with the applicable parts of these regulations;

   1.  

      (b)     a commercial pilot with a lighter than air category ratings may—

      1.  

         (i)     for an airship—

         1.  

            1.     give flight and ground training in an airship for the issuance of a licence or rating;

         1.  

            2.     endorse a pilot licence for an airship; and

         1.  

            3.     act as PIC or co-pilot of an airship under IFR,

      1.  

         (ii)     for a balloon—

         1.  

            1.     give flight and ground training in a balloon for the issuance of a licence or rating; and

         1.  

            2.     endorse a pilot licence for a balloon.

1.  

   (2)     Limitations:

   1.  

      (a)     the Authority shall issue to an applicant for a commercial pilot licence with an aeroplane category or powered-lift category rating who does not hold an instrument rating in the same category and class, a commercial pilot licence that contains the limitation, “The carriage of passengers for hire in (aeroplanes) (poweredlifts) on cross-country flights in excess of 50 nautical miles or at night is prohibited.”

   1.  

      (b)     a pilot may remove the limitation specified in paragraph (a) by satisfactorily accomplishing the requirements listed in 2.2.1.2 for an instrument rating in the same category and class of aircraft that has the limitation;

   1.  

      (c)     if an applicant for a commercial pilot licence with a balloon rating takes a practical test in a balloon with an airborne heater—

      1.  

         (i)     the Authority shall place upon the pilot licence a limitation restricting the exercise of the privileges of that licence to a balloon with an airborne heater,

      1.  

         (ii)     the pilot may remove the limitation specified in paragraph (i) by obtaining the required aeronautical experience in a gas balloon and receiving a logbook endorsement from an authorised instructor who attests to the pilot's accomplishment of the required aeronautical experience and ability to satisfactorily operate a gas balloon;

   1.  

      (d)     if an applicant for a commercial pilot licence with a balloon rating takes a practical test in a gas balloon—

      1.  

         (i)     the Authority shall place upon the pilot licence a limitation restricting the exercise of the privileges of that licence to a gas balloon, and

      1.  

         (ii)     the pilot may remove the limitation specified in paragraph (i) by obtaining the required aeronautical experience in a balloon with an airborne heater and receiving a logbook endorsement from an authorised instructor who attests to the person's accomplishment of the required aeronautical experience and ability to satisfactorily operate a balloon with an airborne heater.

2.2.4.7   Additional Aircraft Category, Class, and Type Ratings

1.  

   (1)     An applicant for a commercial pilot licence with a category rating who holds a commercial pilot licence with another aircraft category rating shall—

   1.  

      (a)     meet the applicable eligibility requirements;

   1.  

      (b)     pass a knowledge test on the applicable aeronautical knowledge areas;

   1.  

      (c)     meet the applicable aeronautical experience requirements; and

   1.  

      (d)     pass the practical test on the areas of operation.

1.  

   (2)     Aircraft type rating. An applicant for an aircraft type rating to an commercial pilot licence is not required to pass a knowledge test if that pilot's commercial pilot licence lists the aircraft category and class rating that is appropriate to the type rating sought.

2.2.5   Airline Transport Pilots

2.2.5.1   Applicability

1.  

   This Subpart prescribes the requirements for the issuance of airline transport pilot licences and ratings, and the conditions under which those licences and ratings are necessary.

2.2.5.2   Eligibility Requirements: General

1.  

   To be eligible for an airline transport pilot licence, a person shall—

   1.  

      (a)     be at least 21 years of age;

   1.  

      (b)     be able to read, speak, write, and understand the English language;

   1.  

      (c)     meet at least one of the following requirements—

      1.  

         (i)     hold a valid and current commercial pilot licence and an instrument rating, or

      1.  

         (ii)     hold either a foreign airline transport pilot or foreign commercial pilot licence and an instrument rating issued by another Contracting State;

   1.  

      (d)     meet the aeronautical applicable experience requirements of this Subpart before applying for the practical test;

   1.  

      (e)     pass a knowledge test on the applicable aeronautical knowledge areas of IS: 2.2.5.3 that apply to the aircraft category and class rating sought;

   1.  

      (f)     pass the practical test on the applicable areas of operation listed in 2.2.5.4 that apply to the aircraft category and class rating sought.

2.2.5.3   Aeronautical Knowledge

1.  

   (1)     General. The Authority will administer a knowledge test for an airline transport pilot licence based on the aeronautical knowledge areas appropriate to the aircraft category and class rating sought.

1.  

   (2)     An applicant for an air transport licence shall receive and log ground training from an authorised instructor, or complete a home-study course on the required aeronautical knowledge areas shown in IS: 2.2.5.3.

2.2.5.4   Flight Proficiency

1.  

   An applicant for an airline transport pilot licence shall complete a home study course or receive and log ground training from an authorised instructor and shall receive and log flight training from an authorised instructor on the areas of operation of this subsection that apply to the aircraft category, class and type rating sought.

1.  

   Implementing Standard: See IS: 2.2.5.4 for detailed requirements concerning training for aircraft category and class ratings sought.

2.2.5.5   Aeronautical Experience: Aeroplane Category Rating

1.  

   (1)     Except as provided in paragraphs (2), (3), and (4) of this subsection, an applicant for an airline transport pilot licence with an aeroplane category and class rating shall have at least 1,500 hours of total time as a pilot that includes at least—

   1.  

      (a)     500 hours of cross-country flight time;

   1.  

      (b)     100 hours of night flight time;

   1.  

      (c)     75 hours of instrument flight time, in actual or simulated instrument conditions;

   1.  

      (d)     not more than one of the following in an approved flight simulator or approved flight training device representing an aeroplane—

      1.  

         (i)     25 hours of simulated instrument time,

      1.  

         (ii)     50 hours of simulated instrument time if the training was accomplished in a course conducted by an ATO certified under Part 3, Subpart 3.2;

   1.  

      (e)     100 hours of aeronautical experience requirements in an approved course conducted by an ATO certified under Part 3, Subpart 3.2; and

   1.  

      (f)     250 hours of flight time in an aeroplane as a PIC, or as SIC performing the duties and functions of a PIC while under the supervision of a PIC or any combination thereof, which includes at least—

      1.  

         (i)     100 hours of cross country flight time, and

      1.  

         (ii)     25 hours of night flight time.

1.  

   (2)     A pilot who has performed at least 20 night takeoffs and landings to a full stop may substitute each additional night takeoff and landing to a full stop for one hour of night flight time to satisfy the requirements of paragraph (1)(b), not to exceed 25 hours of night flight time.

1.  

   (3)     A commercial pilot applicant may credit the following SIC flight time or flight–engineer flight time toward the 1,500 hours of total time as a pilot required by paragraph (1)—

   1.  

      (a)     SIC time acquired in an aeroplane—

      1.  

         (i)     required to have more than one pilot by the aeroplane's flight manual or type certificate, or

      1.  

         (ii)     engaged in operations under Part 9 for which a SIC is required;

   1.  

      (b)     flight-engineer time acquired—

      1.  

         (i)     in an aeroplane required to have a flight engineer by the aeroplane's flight manual or type certificate,

      1.  

         (ii)     while engaged in operations under Part 9 for which a flight engineer is required,

      1.  

         (iii)     while the pilot is participating in a pilot training program approved under Part 9, and

      1.  

         (iv)     that does not exceed one hour for each 3 hours of flight engineer flight time for a total credited time of no more than 500 hours.

2.2.5.6   Aeronautical Experience: Rotorcraft Category and Helicopter Class Rating

1.  

   An applicant for an airline transport pilot licence with a rotorcraft category and helicopter class rating, shall have at least 1,500 hours of total time as a pilot that includes at least—

   1.  

      (a)     500 hours of cross-country flight time;

   1.  

      (b)     100 hours of night flight time, of which 15 hours are in helicopters;

   1.  

      (c)     200 hours of flight time in helicopters, which includes at least 75 hours as a PIC, or as SIC performing the duties and functions of a PIC under the supervision of a PIC, or any combination thereof;

   1.  

      (d)     75 hours of instrument flight time in actual or simulated instrument meteorological conditions, of which at least 50 hours are obtained in flight with at least 25 hours in helicopters as a PIC, or as SIC performing the duties and functions of a PIC under the supervision of a PIC, or any combination thereof;

   1.  

      (e)     not more than one of the following in an approved flight simulator or approved flight training device representing a rotorcraft—

      1.  

         (i)     25 hours of simulated instrument time,

      1.  

         (ii)     50 hours of simulated instrument time if the training was accomplished in a course conducted by an ATO certified under Part 3, Subpart 3.2.

2.2.5.7   Aeronautical Experience: Powered-Lift Flight Time

1.  

   (1)     An applicant for an airline transport pilot licence with a powered lift category rating shall have at least 1,500 hours of total time as a pilot that includes at least—

   1.  

      (a)     500 hours of cross-country flight time;

   1.  

      (b)     100 hours of night flight time;

   1.  

      (c)     250 hours in a powered-lift as a PIC, or as a SIC performing the duties and functions of a PIC under the supervision of a PIC, or any combination thereof, which includes at least—

      1.  

         (i)     100 hours of cross-country flight time, and

      1.  

         (ii)     25 hours of night flight time;

   1.  

      (d)     75 hours of instrument flight time in actual or simulated instrument conditions;

   1.  

      (e)     not more than one of the following in an approved flight simulator or approved flight training device representing a powered-lift—

      1.  

         (i)     25 hours of simulated instrument time,

      1.  

         (ii)     50 hours of simulated instrument time if the training was accomplished in a course conducted by an ATO certified under Part 3, Subpart 3.2.

1.  

   (2)     100 hours of aeronautical experience in an approved course conducted by an ATO certified under Part 3, Subpart 3.2.

2.2.5.8   Additional Aircraft Category, Class, and Type Ratings

1.  

   (1)     An applicant for an airline transport licence with a category rating who holds an airline transport pilot licence with another aircraft category rating shall—

   1.  

      (a)     meet the applicable eligibility requirements;

   1.  

      (b)     pass a knowledge test on the applicable aeronautical knowledge areas;

   1.  

      (c)     meet the applicable aeronautical experience requirements; and

   1.  

      (d)     pass the practical test on the areas of operation.

1.  

   (2)     Aircraft type rating. An applicant for an aircraft type rating to an airline transport pilot licence shall not be required to pass a knowledge test if that pilot's airline transport pilot licence lists the aircraft category and class rating that is appropriate to the type rating sought.

2.2.5.9   Airline Transport Pilot Privileges

1.  

   (1)     The Authority extends to the holder of an airline transport pilot licence the same privileges as those extended to a holder of a commercial pilot licence with an instrument rating and the privilege to act as PIC and SIC in aircraft in commercial air transportation.

1.  

   (2)     An airline transport pilot may instruct—

   1.  

      (a)     other pilots in air transportation service in aircraft of the category, class, and type, as applicable, for which the airline transport pilot is rated, and in simulation of those aircraft, and endorse the logbook or other training record of the person to whom training has been given;

   1.  

      (b)     only as provided in this subsection, unless the airline transport pilot also holds a flight instructor licence, in which case the holder may exercise the instructor privileges of this Part for which he or she is rated;

   1.  

      (c)     excluding briefings and debriefings, an airline transport pilot shall not instruct in aircraft, approved flight simulators, and approved flight training devices under this subsection—

      1.  

         (i)     for more than 8 hours in any 24-consecutive-hour period, or

      1.  

         (ii)     for more than 36 hours in any 7-consecutive-day period;

   1.  

      (d)     an airline transport pilot shall not instruct in Category II or Category III operations unless he or she has been trained and successfully tested under Category II or Category III operations, as applicable.

2.2.6   Flight Instructors

2.2.6.1   Applicability

1.  

   This Subpart prescribes the requirements for the issuance of flight instructor ratings, the conditions under which those ratings are necessary, and the limitations on those ratings.

2.2.6.2   Eligibility Requirements

1.  

   To be eligible for a flight instructor rating a person shall—

   1.  

      (a)     be at least 18 years of age;

   1.  

      (b)     be able to read, speak, write, and understand the English language;

   1.  

      (c)     hold either a commercial pilot licence or airline transport pilot licence with—

      1.  

         (i)     an aircraft category, class and rating that is appropriate to the flight instructor rating sought, and

      1.  

         (ii)     an instrument rating, if the person holds a commercial pilot licence and is applying for a flight instructor rating with—

         1.  

            1.     an aeroplane category and single-engine class rating;

         1.  

            2.     an aeroplane category and multiengine class rating;

         1.  

            3.     a powered lift rating; or

         1.  

            4.     an instrument rating;

   1.  

      (d)     receive a logbook endorsement from an authorised instructor on the fundamentals of instructing listed in 2.2.6.3 appropriate to the required knowledge test;

   1.  

      (e)     pass a knowledge test on the areas listed in 2.2.6.3, (f) receive a logbook endorsement from an authorised instructor on the areas of operation listed in 2.2.6.4, appropriate to the flight instructor rating sought;

   1.  

      (g)     pass the required practical test that is appropriate to the flight instructor rating sought in an—

      1.  

         (i)     aircraft that is representative of the category, class and type of aircraft for the aircraft rating sought, or

      1.  

         (ii)     approved flight simulator or approved flight training device that is representative of the category, class and type of aircraft for the rating sought, and used in accordance with an approved course at an ATO certified under Part 3, Subpart 3.2;

   1.  

      (h)     accomplish the following for a flight instructor rating with an aeroplane or a glider rating;

      1.  

         (i)     receive a logbook endorsement from an authorised instructor indicating that the applicant is competent and possesses instructional proficiency in stall awareness, spin entry, spins, and spin recovery procedures after receiving flight training in those training areas in an aeroplane or glider, as appropriate, that is certified for spins;

      1.  

         (ii)     demonstrate instructional proficiency in stall awareness, spin entry, spins, and spin recovery procedures;

   1.  

      (i)     an examiner may accept the endorsement specified in paragraph (h)(i) of this subsection as satisfactory evidence of instructional proficiency in stall awareness, spin entry, spins, and spin recovery procedures for the practical test, provided that the practical test is not a retest as a result of the applicant failing the previous test for deficiencies in those knowledge or skill areas;

   1.  

      (j)     if a retest is the result of deficiencies in the ability of an applicant to demonstrate the requisite knowledge or skill, the applicant shall demonstrate the knowledge and skill to an examiner in an aeroplane or glider, as appropriate, that is certified for spins;

   1.  

      (k)     log at least 15 hours as PIC in the category, class and type of aircraft that is appropriate to the flight instructor rating sought; and

   1.  

      (l)     comply with the appropriate sections that apply to the flight instructor rating sought.

2.2.6.3   Aeronautical Knowledge

1.  

   An applicant for a flight instructor rating shall receive and log ground training from an authorised instructor on the fundamentals of instructing, including—

   1.  

      (a)     the learning process;

   1.  

      (b)     elements of effective teaching;

   1.  

      (c)     student evaluation and testing;

   1.  

      (d)     course development;

   1.  

      (e)     lesson planning; and

   1.  

      (f)     classroom training techniques;

   1.  

      (g)     the aeronautical knowledge areas for a private and commercial pilot licence applicable to the aircraft category for which flight instructor privileges are sought; and

   1.  

      (h)     the aeronautical knowledge areas for the instrument rating applicable to the category for which instrument flight instructor privileges are sought.

2.2.6.4   Flight Instructor: Areas of Operation for Flight Proficiency

1.  

   (1)     An applicant for a flight instructor rating shall receive and log flight and ground training, and an endorsement from an authorized instructor, that the person is proficient to pass a practical test for the flight instructor rating sought.

1.  

   (2)     An applicant may accomplish the flight training required by this subsection—

   1.  

      (a)     in an aircraft that is representative of the category and class of aircraft for the rating sought; or

   1.  

      (b)     in a flight simulator or flight training device representative of the category and class of aircraft for the rating sought, and used in accordance with an approved course at an ATO certified under Part 3, Subpart 3.2.

Implementing Standard: See IS: 2.2.6 4 for a list of areas of operation that apply to the practical test for a flight instructor rating.

2.2.6.5   Flight Instructor Records

1.  

   A flight instructor shall—

   1.  

      (a)     sign the logbook of each person to whom that instructor has given flight training or ground training;

   1.  

      (b)     maintain a record in a logbook or a separate document that contains the following—

      1.  

         (i)     the name of each person whose logbook or student pilot licence that instructor has endorsed for solo flight privileges, and the date of the endorsement, and

      1.  

         (ii)     the name of each person that instructor has endorsed for a knowledge test or practical test, and a record of the kind of test, the date, and the results; and

   1.  

      (c)     retain the records required by this subsection for at least 3 years.

2.2.6.6   Additional Flight Instructor Endorsements

1.  

   (1)     An applicant for an additional flight instructor endorsement shall meet the eligibility requirements listed in 2.2.6.2 that apply to the flight instructor endorsement sought.

1.  

   (2)     An applicant for an additional endorsement is not required to pass the knowledge test on the areas listed in 2.2.6.3.

2.2.6.7   Flight Instructor Privileges

1.  

   A flight instructor is authorised within the limitations of that person's flight instructor rating, and pilot licenceto give training and endorsements that are required for, and relate to—

   1.  

      (a)     a student pilot licence;

   1.  

      (b)     a pilot licence;

   1.  

      (c)     a flight instructor licence;

   1.  

      (d)     a ground instructor licence;

   1.  

      (e)     an aircraft rating;

   1.  

      (f)     an instrument rating;

   1.  

      (g)     a flight review, operating privilege, or recency of experience requirement;

   1.  

      (h)     a practical test; and

   1.  

      (i)     a knowledge test.

2.2.6.8   Flight Instructor Limitations and Qualifications

1.  

   The holder of a flight instructor rating shall observe the limitations and qualifications applicable to flight instructors.

1.  

   Implementing Standard: See IS: 2.2.6 8 for detailed list of flight instructor limitations and qualifications.

2.2.6.9   Renewal of Flight Instructor Ratings

1.  

   (1)     A flight instructor rating that has not expired may be renewed for an additional 24 calendar months if the holder—

   1.  

      (a)     passes a practical test for—

      1.  

         (i)     renewal of the flight instructor rating, or

      1.  

         (ii)     an additional flight instructor rating; or

   1.  

      (b)     presents to an Authority inspector—

      1.  

         (i)     a record of training students that shows during the preceding 24 calendar months the flight instructor has endorsed at least 5 students for a practical test for a licence or rating, and at least 80 percent of those students passed that test on the first attempt;

      1.  

         (ii)     a record that shows that within the preceding 24 calendar months, service as a company check pilot, chief flight instructor, company check airman, or flight instructor in a Part 9 operation, or in a position involving the regular evaluation of pilots; or

      1.  

         (iii)     a graduation certificate showing that the pilot has successfully completed an approved flight instructor refresher course consisting of ground training or flight training, or both, within the 90 days preceding the expiration month of his or her flight instructor licence.

1.  

   (2)     If a flight instructor accomplishes the renewal requirements within the 90 days preceding the expiration month of his or her flight instructor rating—

   1.  

      (a)     the Authority shall consider that the flight instructor accomplished the renewal requirement in the month due; and

   1.  

      (b)     the Authority shall renew the current flight instructor licence for an additional 24 calendar months from its expiration date.

1.  

   (3)     A flight instructor may accomplish the practical test required by paragraph (1) (a) in an approved course conducted by an ATO certified under Part 3, Subpart 3.2.

2.2.6.10   Expired Flight Instructor Rating

1.  

   The holder of an expired flight instructor rating may renew that rating by passing the prescribed test.

2.2.7   (Reserved)

2.3   CERTIFICATION: FLIGHT CREWMEMBERS OTHER THAN PILOTS

2.3.1   Flight Engineers

2.2.1.1   Applicability

1.  

   Subpart 2.3 prescribes the requirements for issuing flight engineer licences.

2.3.1.2   Licences and Ratings Required

1.  

   A person shall not act as a flight engineer of a civil aircraft of Saint Lucia registry unless he or she has a flight engineer licence with appropriate ratings.

2.3.1.3   (Reserved)

2.3.1.4   Eligibility Requirements - General

1.  

   To be eligible for a flight engineer licence, a person shall—

   1.  

      (a)     be at least 18 years of age;

   1.  

      (b)     be able to read, speak, write, and understand the English language; and

   1.  

      (c)     comply with the requirements of this subsection that apply to the rating sought.

2.3.1.5   Additional Aircraft Ratings

1.  

   To add another aircraft class rating to a flight engineer licence, an applicant shall—

   1.  

      (a)     pass the knowledge test and practical test that is appropriate to the class of aeroplane for which an additional rating is sought; or

   1.  

      (b)     satisfactorily complete an approved flight engineer training program that is appropriate to the additional class rating sought.

2.3.1.6   Knowledge Requirements

1.  

   (1)     An applicant for a flight engineer licence shall pass a knowledge test on the following:

   1.  

      (a)     the regulations that apply to a flight engineer;

   1.  

      (b)     the theory of flight and aerodynamics;

   1.  

      (c)     basic meteorology with respect to engine operations;

   1.  

      (d)     centre of gravity computations.

1.  

   (2)     An applicant for the original or additional issue of a flight engineer class rating shall pass a knowledge test for that aeroplane class on the following:

   1.  

      (a)     aeroplane equipment;

   1.  

      (b)     aeroplane systems;

   1.  

      (c)     aeroplane loading;

   1.  

      (d)     aeroplane procedures and engine operations with respect to limitations;

   1.  

      (e)     normal operating procedures;

   1.  

      (d)     emergency procedures.

1.  

   (3)     Before taking the knowledge tests prescribed in paragraphs (1) and (2), an applicant for a flight engineer licence shall present satisfactory evidence of having completed one of the experience requirements of 2.3.1.7.

1.  

   (4)     An applicant may take the knowledge tests before acquiring the flight training required by 2.3.1.7.

1.  

   (5)     Except as provided in paragraph (6), an applicant for a flight engineer licence or rating shall have passed the knowledge tests required by paragraphs (1) and (2) since the beginning of the 24th calendar month before the month in which the practical test is taken.

1.  

   (6)     An applicant who within the period ending 24 calendar months after passing the knowledge test, is employed as a flight crew member or mechanic by an Saint Lucia air carrier or certificate holder need not comply with the time limit set in paragraph (5) of this subsection if the applicant—

   1.  

      (a)     is employed by such a certificate holder at the time of the practical test; and

   1.  

      (b)     if employed as a flight crew member, has completed initial training, and, if appropriate, transition, upgrade, recurrent training; or

   1.  

      (c)     if employed as an AMT, meets the recency of experience requirements of 5.6.1.4.

1.  

   (7)     An AOC holder may, when authorised by the Authority, provide as part of an approved training program a knowledge test that it may administer to satisfy the test required for an additional rating under paragraph (2).

2.3.1.7   Aeronautical Experience Requirements

1.  

   (1)     Except as otherwise specified herein, an applicant for a flight engineer licence shall obtain and log the flight time used to satisfy the aeronautical experience requirements of paragraph (2) on an aeroplane on which a flight engineer is required by these regulations.

1.  

   (2)     An applicant for a flight engineer licence with a class rating shall present, for the class rating sought, satisfactory evidence of one of the following, including the practical experience with the aircraft described in paragraph (1)—

   1.  

      (a)     at least 3 years of practical experience in aircraft and aircraft engine maintenance and at least 5 hours of flight training in the duties of a flight engineer;

   1.  

      (b)     graduation from at least a 2-year specialised aeronautical training course in maintaining aircraft and aircraft engines and at least 5 hours of flight training in the duties of a flight engineer;

   1.  

      (c)     a degree in aeronautical, electrical, or mechanical engineering from a recognised college, university, or engineering school; at least 6 calendar months of practical experience in maintaining aircraft and at least 5 hours of flight training in the duties of a flight engineer;

   1.  

      (d)     at least a commercial pilot licence with an instrument rating and at least 5 hours of flight training in the duties of a flight engineer;

   1.  

      (e)     at least 200 hours of flight time in a transport category aeroplane as PIC or SIC performing the functions of a PIC under the supervision of a PIC;

   1.  

      (f)     at least 100 hours of flight time as a flight engineer;

   1.  

      (g)     within the 90-day period before application, successful completion of an approved flight engineer ground and flight course of instruction.

2.3.1.8   Skill Requirements

1.  

   (1)     An applicant for a flight engineer licence with a class and type ratings shall pass a practical test on the duties of a flight engineer—

   1.  

      (a)     in the class and type of aeroplane for which a rating is sought; and

   1.  

      (b)     only on an aeroplane specified in 2.3.1.7(1) or an approved flight simulator replicating the class and type of such an aeroplane.

1.  

   (2)     An applicant shall—

   1.  

      (a)     show satisfactory performance in preflight inspection, servicing, starting, pre-takeoff, and post-landing procedures;

   1.  

      (b)     in flight, show satisfactory performance of the normal duties and procedures relating to the aeroplane, aeroplane engines, propellers (if appropriate), systems, and appliances; and

   1.  

      (c)     in flight, in an aeroplane simulator, or in an approved training device, show satisfactorily performance on emergency duties and procedures and recognise and take appropriate action for malfunctions of the aeroplane, engines, propellers (if appropriate), systems and appliances.

2.3.1.9   (Reserved)

2.3.1.10   Validation of Foreign Flight Engineers Licences and Ratings

1.  

   (1)     General. A person who holds a flight engineer's licence issued by another Contracting State may apply for a validation of that licence provided:

   1.  

      (a)     that the applicant:

      1.  

         (i)     is not under an order of revocation or suspension by the country that issued the pilot licence,

      1.  

         (ii)     holds a licence that does not contain an endorsement stating that the applicant has not met all of the standards of ICAO for that licence,

      1.  

         (iii)     does not currently hold a pilot licence issued by the Authority,

      1.  

         (iv)     holds a current medical certificate issued by the country that issued the applicant's pilot licence, and

      1.  

         (v)     is able to read, speak, write, and understand the English language;

   1.  

      (b)     the application must be supported by the relevant operator;

   1.  

      (c)     the licence must be current and contain the appropriate ratings for the aircraft that the applicant intends to operate;

   1.  

      (d)     the licence to which this validation relates remains current throughout the period of the validation.

1.  

   (2)     Aircraft ratings issued. The Authority may validate the aircraft ratings listed on that pilot's foreign pilot licence.

1.  

   (3)     Operating privileges and limitations. A person who is issued a validation of a foreign pilot licence under the provisions of this subsection—

   1.  

      (a)     may act as a flight engineer of a civil aircraft of Saint Lucia registry in accordance with the privileges authorised by this Part;

   1.  

      (b)     shall be limited to the privileges placed on validation certificate by the Authority;

   1.  

      (c)     shall be subject to the limitations and restrictions on the person's validation certificate issued by the Authority and foreign pilot licence when exercising the privileges of that flight engineer's licence in an aircraft registered in Saint Lucia; and

   1.  

      (d)     shall not exercise the privileges of the validation issued by the Authority when the person's foreign flight engineer's licence has been revoked or suspended.

1.  

   (4)     Provisions for the validation of a foreign flight engineer's licence.

   1.  

      (a)     an applicant may use only one foreign flight engineer's licence as a basis for obtaining a validation issued by the Authority;

   1.  

      (b)     an applicant for a validation under this subsection shall provide a foreign flight engineer's licence and medical certification in the English language or accompanied by an English language transcription that has been signed by an official or representative of the foreign aviation authority that issued the foreign flight engineer's licence;

   1.  

      (c)     the Authority will place upon the validation certificate issued under this Subsection the foreign flight engineer's licence number and country of issuance.

Implementing Standard: See IS: 2.1.2.7 for details on additional requirements and exemptions to the training requirements of this subsection.

2.3.1.11   Conversion of Foreign Flight Engineers Licences and Ratings

1.  

   (1)     General. A person who holds a current flight engineer's licence pilot licence issued by another Contracting State may apply for a conversion of that licence provided that:

   1.  

      (a)     the applicant:

      1.  

         (i)     is not under an order of revocation or suspension by the country that issued the flight engineer's licence,

      1.  

         (ii)     holds a licence that does not contain an endorsement stating that the applicant has not met all of the standards of ICAO for that licence,

      1.  

         (iii)     does not currently hold a flight engineer's licence issued by the Authority,

      1.  

         (iv)     holds a current medical certificate issued by the country that issued the applicant's pilot licence, and

      1.  

         (v)     is able to read, speak, write, and understand the English language;

   1.  

      (b)     the application must be supported by the relevant operator;

   1.  

      (c)     the licence must be current and contain the appropriate ratings for the aircraft that the applicant intends to operate.

1.  

   (2)     Aircraft ratings issued. The Authority may convert the aircraft ratings listed on that foreign flight engineer's licence.

1.  

   (3)     Operating privileges and limitations. A person who is issued a flight engineer's licence by the Authority based on the conversion of a foreign flight engineer's licence under the provisions of this subsection—

   1.  

      (a)     may act as a flight engineer of a civil aircraft of Saint Lucia registry in accordance with the privileges authorised by this Part;

   1.  

      (b)     shall be limited to the privileges placed on validation certificate by the Authority;

   1.  

      (c)     shall be subject to the limitations and restrictions on the person's validation certificate issued by the Authority and foreign pilot licence when exercising the privileges of that foreign flight engineer's licence in an aircraft registered in Saint Lucia.

1.  

   (4)     Provisions for the conversion of a foreign flight engineer's licence:

   1.  

      (a)     an applicant may use only one foreign flight engineer's licence as a basis for obtaining a converted licence issued by the Authority;

   1.  

      (b)     an applicant for a conversion under this subsection shall provide a foreign flight engineer's licence and medical certification in the English language or accompanied by an English language transcription that has been signed by an official or representative of the foreign aviation authority that issued the foreign flight engineer's licence;

   1.  

      (c)     an applicant for a conversion shall provide a passport to establish age and nationality;

   1.  

      (d)     an applicant shall pass a Class I medical examination conducted by an authorised medical examiner;

   1.  

      (e)     an applicant shall pass an examination in air law, flight rules and procedures.

Implementing Standard: See IS: 2.1.2.7 for details on additional requirements and exemptions to the training requirements of this subsection.

2.4   LICENSING: AIRMEN OTHER THAN FLIGHT CREWMEMBERS

2.4.1   General

2.4.1.1   Applicability

1.  

   Subpart 2.4 prescribes the requirements for issuing the following licences, ratings, and inspection authorisations for—

   1.  

      (a)     air traffic controllers;

   1.  

      (b)     ATC facility rating;

   1.  

      (c)     flight operations officers;(Reserved)

   1.  

      (d)     aviation maintenance technicians.

2.4.2   Air Traffic Controllers

2.4.2.1   Applicability

1.  

   This Subpart prescribes the requirements for issuance of air traffic controller licences and ratings, and the conditions under which those licences and ratings are necessary.

2.4.2.2   Required Licences, and Rating or Qualification

1.  

   A person shall not act as an air traffic controller of civil aircraft unless he or she—

   1.  

      (a)     holds an air traffic controller licence issued to him under this Subpart;

   1.  

      (b)     holds a facility rating for the appropriate control facility issued under this Subpart, or has qualified for the operating position and acts under the supervision of the holder of a facility rating for that control facility.

2.4.2.3   Eligibility Requirements: General

1.  

   To be eligible for an air traffic controller licence a person shall—

   1.  

      (a)     be at least 21 years of age;

   1.  

      (b)     except as provided in 2.1.2.7, be able to read, write, and understand the English language and speak it without accent or impediment of speech that would interfere with 2-way radio conversation; and

   1.  

      (c)     comply with 2.4.2.4.

2.4.2.4   Knowledge Requirements

1.  

   An applicant for an air traffic controller licence shall pass a knowledge test on—

   1.  

      (a)     the flight rules in Part 8;

   1.  

      (b)     airport traffic control procedures;

   1.  

      (c)     en route traffic control procedures;

   1.  

      (d)     communications operating procedures;

   1.  

      (e)     flight assistance service;

   1.  

      (f)     air navigation, and aids to air navigation; and

   1.  

      (g)     aviation weather.

2.4.2.5   SKILL REQUIREMENTS: OPERATING POSITIONS

1.  

   A person shall not act as an air traffic controller at any operating position unless he or she has passed a practical test on—

   1.  

      (a)     air traffic facility equipment and its use;

   1.  

      (b)     weather reporting procedures and use of reports; and

   1.  

      (c)     each of the following procedures that is applicable to that operating position:

      1.  

         (i)     the airport, including rules, equipment, runways, taxiways, and obstructions,

      1.  

         (ii)     the terrain features, visual checkpoints, and obstructions within the lateral boundaries of the surface areas of Class B, Class C, Class D, or Class E airspace designated for the airport,

      1.  

         (iii)     traffic patterns and associated procedures for use of preferential runways and noise abatement,

      1.  

         (iv)     operational agreements,

      1.  

         (v)     the centre, alternate airports, and those airways, routes, reporting points, and air navigation aids used for terminal air traffic control,

      1.  

         (vi)     search and rescue procedures,

      1.  

         (vii)     terminal air traffic control procedures and phraseology,

      1.  

         (viii)     holding procedures, prescribed instrument approach, and departure procedures,

      1.  

         (ix)     radar alignment and technical operation,

      1.  

         (x)     the application of the prescribed radar and nonradar separation standard, as appropriate.

2.4.2.6   Practical Experience Requirements: Facility Rating

1.  

   (1)     An applicant for a facility rating at any air traffic control facility shall have satisfactorily served—

   1.  

      (a)     as an air traffic controller at that control facility without a facility rating for at least 6 months; or

   1.  

      (b)     as an air traffic controller with a facility rating at a different control facility for at least 6 months before the date he or she applies for the rating;

   1.  

      (c)     when 2 air traffic controller ratings are sought concurrently, the Authority shall determine the applicable requirements on the basis of the requirements for each rating. These requirements shall not be less than those of the more demanding rating.

1.  

   (2)     An applicant who is a member of an armed force of Saint Lucia meets the requirements of this paragraph if he or she has satisfactorily served as an air traffic controller for at least 6 months.

2.4.2.7   SKILL REQUIREMENTS: FACILITY RATINGS

1.  

   An applicant for a facility rating at an air traffic control facility shall have passed a practical test on each item listed in 2.4.2.5 that is applicable to each operating position at the control facility at which the rating is sought.

2.4.2.8   Privileges and Limitations

1.  

   An air traffic controller:

   1.  

      (a)     may control traffic at any operating position at the control facility at which he or she holds a facility rating;

   1.  

      (b)     shall not issue an air traffic clearance for IFR flight without authorisation from the appropriate facility exercising IFR control at that location;

   1.  

      (c)     shall act at each operating position for which he or she has qualified but does not hold a facility rating only under the supervision of a controller holding a facility rating for that control facility;

   1.  

      (d)     shall not act at any operating position at a control facility for which he or she does not hold a facility rating, unless there is readily available at that control facility a current record of the operating positions at which the controller has qualified.

2.4.2.9   Maximum Hours

1.  

   (1)     Except in an emergency, a licenced air traffic controller shall refrain from performing any duties for at least 24 consecutive hours at least once during each 7 consecutive days.

1.  

   (2)     A controller shall not serve or be required to serve—

   1.  

      (a)     for more than 10 consecutive hours; or

   1.  

      (b)     for more than 10 hours during a period of 24 consecutive hours,

1.  

   unless he or she has had a rest period of at least 8 hours at or before the end of the 10 hours of duty.

2.4.2.10   CURRENCY REQUIREMENTS

1.  

   The holder of an air traffic controller licence may not perform any duties under that licence unless he or she—

   1.  

      (a)     has served for at least 3 of the preceding 6 months as an air traffic controller at the control facility to which his or her facility rating applies, or at the operating positions for which he or she has qualified; or

   1.  

      (b)     has shown that he or she meets the requirements for the licence and facility rating at the control facility concerned, or for operating at positions for which he or she has previously qualified;

   1.  

      (c)     is familiar with all pertinent and current information.

2.4.3   (RESERVED)

2.4.4   Aviation Maintenance Technicians

1.  

   Note: The terms “licenced Engineer,” “aviation maintenance engineer” or “aircraft maintenance engineer (AME)”may be used instead of “Aviation Maintenance Technician”.

2.4.4.1   Applicability

1.  

   (1)     This Subpart prescribes the requirements for issuance of an AMT licence and associated ratings which are issued and extended within the defined Categories given in 2.4.4.3.

1.  

   (2)     There are 2 parts to each Category

   1.  

      (a)     licence Without Type Rating ( LWTR ). This licence does not confer any certification responsibilities or privileges. It is, however, a prerequisite for the grant of the relevant Type Ratings and Certification Authorisation within an AMO;

   1.  

      (b)     Type Ratings. Type Ratings confer on the holder of a LWTR the privileges and certification responsibilities defined in 2.4.4.7.

2.4.4.2   Eligibility Requirements: General

1.  

   (1)     An applicant for the grant/extension of a licence shall:

   1.  

      (a)     submit an application which is acceptable in content and presentation;

   1.  

      (b)     provide evidence of acceptable experience required by IS 2.4.4.5 and any training course requirements relevant to the application;

   1.  

      (c)     comply with the knowledge and competency requirements prescribed for the rating sought;

   1.  

      (d)     be able to read, write, interpret technical reports and carry out technical discussions in the English language;

   1.  

      (e)     pass all of the prescribed tests for the rating sought;

   1.  

      (f)     pay the appropriate fee.

1.  

   (2)     An applicant for the conversion of a Licence based on a licence or certificate not issued by Saint Lucia shall:

   1.  

      (a)     submit an application which is acceptable in content in type and form;

   1.  

      (b)     enclose original documents or acceptable certified copies of the licences and certificates supporting the application;

   1.  

      (c)     be able to read, write, interpret technical reports and carry out technical discussions in the English language;

   1.  

      (d)     pay the appropriate fee.

Implementing Standard: See IS 2.4.4.2 for further requirements and procedures for the acceptance of foreign licences and certificates.

2.4.4.3   Ratings

1.  

   Categories and Ratings defined in IS: 2.4.4.3 are issued under this subpart.

2.4.4.4   Aircraft Rating: Knowledge Requirements

1.  

   (1)     An applicant for an AMT licence or rating shall, after meeting the applicable experience requirements of 2.4.4.5, pass the applicable knowledge tests covering the construction and maintenance of aircraft appropriate to the category and rating sought, the regulations and the provisions of the applicable Parts.

1.  

   (2)     The examination for the grant of a Licence will normally be in 2 parts:

   1.  

      (i)     a written examination, comprising a multi-choice question paper and an essay question paper, and

   1.  

      (ii)     an oral examination. All papers of the written examination must be taken at one sitting. The oral examination can only be taken after the written examination has been passed and normally must be taken within 3 months of the written examination.

1.  

   (3)     The applicant shall pass each section of the written test before completing any necessary oral examination.

Implementing Standard; See IS 2.4.4.4 for details of the examinations, the examination syllabus and procedures following partial passes.

2.4.4.5   Experience Requirements

1.  

   Applications for the grant or extension of an AMT Licence in any category must demonstrate compliance with the experience requirements detailed in IS:2.4.4.5.

2.4.4.6   Skill Requirements

1.  

   Each applicant for an AMT licence or rating must pass an oral and a practical test on the rating he seeks. The tests cover the applicant's basic skill in performing practical projects on the subjects covered by the written test for that rating.

2.4.4.7   Privileges and Limitations

1.  

   (1)     A licenced AMT may perform or supervise the maintenance, or modification of, or after inspection, approve for return to service, any aircraft, airframe, aircraft engine, propeller, appliance, component, or part thereof, for which he or she has a valid appropriately type rated licence.

1.  

   (2)     A licenced AMT in Category 'A' with the appropriate type rating may, after he or she has performed the 100 hour or annual inspection required by Part 8 of these Regulations on an airframe, or any related part or appliance, approve it for return to service.

1.  

   (3)     A licenced AMT in Category 'C' with the appropriate type rating may, after he or she has performed the 100 hour or annual inspection required by Part 8 of these Regulations on a powerplant or propeller, or any related part or appliance, approve for return to service.

See IS 2.4.4.7.

1.  

   (4)     A licenced AMT in any Category shall not:

   1.  

      (a)     approve for return to service any aircraft, airframe, aircraft engine, propeller, appliance, component, or part thereof which is operated on an AOC issued in accordance with Part 9 of these Regulations unless he or she is approved by the AMO responsible for the maintenance and listed in the list of certifying staff;

   1.  

      (b)     exercise the privileges of the licence unless the AMT understands the current instructions for continued airworthiness and the maintenance instructions for the specific operation concerned;

   1.  

      (c)     perform or supervise—

      1.  

         (i)     a major repair or major modification of a propeller, or

      1.  

         (ii)     any repair or alteration of instruments;

   1.  

      (d)     approve for return to service—

      1.  

         (i)     any aircraft, airframe, aircraft engine, propeller, appliance, component, or part thereof after completion of a major alteration or major repair, or

      1.  

         (ii)     any instrument after completion of any repair or alteration.

2.4.4.8   (Reserved)

2.4.4.9   (Reserved)

2.4.4.10   AMT Licence renewal

1.  

   (1)     It is the responsibility of the Licence holder to ensure that his or her licence remains valid.

1.  

   (2)     An applicant for the renewal of a licence shall:

   1.  

      (a)     submit an application for renewal which is acceptable in form and content;

   1.  

      (b)     provide evidence of having been engaged on the maintenance of operating aircraft for periods of at least 6 months during the 12 months before application for renewal. Where a Licence holder is unable to show such experience but has been actively involved for the same periods in matters concerned with aircraft maintenance ( e.g. as a quality engineer or quality manager, an aeronautical engineering instructor or as a flight engineer ) consideration will be given to renewing the Licence;

   1.  

      (c)     pay the appropriate fee.

1.  

   (3)     Expired Licences.

   1.  

      (a)     a Licence which has lapsed for less than 2 years will be considered for renewal without examination of the holder provided that the requirements of paragraph (1) above and the implementing standard are met;

   1.  

      (b)     a Licence which has lapsed for more than 2 years will not be renewed without examination of the holder. The amount of recent experience required will depend on the length of time the since the Licence lapsed and the nature of employment.

2.4.5   Certification Authorisations

2.4.5.1   Applicability

1.  

   This Subpart prescribes the requirements for issuance of certification authorisations, and the conditions under which these authorisations are necessary.

2.4.5.2   Eligibility Requirements: General

1.  

   An AMO shall issue a Certification Authorisation to Certifying Staff in accordance with procedures approved by the Authority. Such procedures shall contain at least the following eligibility requirements:

   1.  

      (a)     the applicant must hold a valid AMT LWTR issued by the Authority or an appropriate validation of a foreign licence in the appropriate category;

   1.  

      (b)     the applicant must have completed an appropriate type course approved by the Authority or hold the appropriate Type Rating;

   1.  

      (c)     the applicant must pass an examination on the AMO procedures;

   1.  

      (d)     the applicant must submit to the AMO, a satisfactory record of experience as specified in 2.4.4.5.

2.4.6   (Reserved)

2.5   MEDICAL STANDARDS AND CERTIFICATION

2.5.1   General

2.5.1.1   Applicability

1.  

   This Subpart prescribes the medical standards and certification procedures for issuing and reissuing Class 1, Class 2, and Class 3 medical certificates.

2.5.1.2   Medical Records

1.  

   (1)     An applicant for a medical certificate shall provide the medical examiner with a personally certified statement of medical facts concerning personal, familial, and hereditary history that is as complete and accurate as the applicant's knowledge permits.

1.  

   (2)     Whenever the Authority finds that additional medical information or history is needed, the Authority will request that the applicant—

   1.  

      (a)     furnish that information; or

   1.  

      (b)     authorise any clinic, hospital, physician, or other person to release to the Authority all available information or records concerning that history.

1.  

   (3)     If an applicant or holder of a medical certificate fails to provide the requested medical information or history, or fails to authorise the release so requested, the Authority may—

   1.  

      (a)     suspend, modify, or revoke all medical certificates the airman holds; or

   1.  

      (b)     in the case of an applicant, deny the application for an airman medical certificate.

1.  

   (4)     If an airman medical certificate is suspended or modified under paragraph (3), that suspension or modification remains in effect until—

   1.  

      (a)     the holder or applicant provides the requested information, history, or authorisation to the Authority; and

   1.  

      (b)     the Authority determines whether the holder or applicant meets the medical standards.

2.1.1.3   Aviation Medical Examiner: Definition and Authority

1.  

   (1)     The Authority will designate and authorise each AME within Saint Lucia to—

   1.  

      (a)     accept applications for physical examinations necessary for issuing medical certificates under this Part;

   1.  

      (b)     conduct physical examinations for medical certificates;

   1.  

      (c)     issue or deny medical certificates in accordance with this Part.

1.  

   (2)     An AME shall be qualified and licenced in the practice of medicine and shall have received training in aviation medicine and be knowledgeable of the conditions in which the holders of licences and ratings carry out their duties.

1.  

   (3)     An AME shall report to the Authority any individual case where, in the examiner's judgement, an applicant's failure to meet any requirement could jeopardise flight safety.

1.  

   (4)     If the medical examination is carried out by a constituted group of AMEs, the head of the group will be appointed by the Authority. The head of the group will be responsible for coordinating the results of the examination and signing the report.

2.5.1.4   DELEGATION OF AUTHORITY

1.  

   (1)     The Authority will delegate to each AME the authority to issue or deny medical certificates to the extent necessary to—

   1.  

      (a)     examine applicants for and holders of medical certificates to determine whether they meet applicable medical standards; and

   1.  

      (b)     issue, renew, and deny medical certificates, and issue, renew, deny, and withdraw Authorisations for Special Issuance of a Medical Certificate to an applicant based on meeting or failing to meet applicable medical standards.

1.  

   (2)     The Authority may delegate to authorised representatives of the Authority, the authority to examine applicants for and holders of medical certificates for compliance with applicable medical standards and to issue, renew, and deny medical certificates.

1.  

   (3)     The Authority retains the right to reconsider any action of an AME.

1.  

   (4)     A holder of a medical certificate issued by an AME may consider it to be affirmed as issued unless the Authority reverses that issuance within 60 days after the date of issuance.

2.5.2   Medical Certification Procedures

2.5.2.1   Applicability

1.  

   This section prescribes the medical certification procedures required for the issuance of all medical certificates.

2.5.2.2   ISSUANCE OF MEDICAL CERTIFICATE

1.  

   (1)     The Authority will issue the applicable medical certificate to any person who meets the medical standards prescribed in this Subpart, based on medical examination and evaluation of the applicant's history and condition.

1.  

   (2)     A person to be issued a medical certificate shall undergo a medical examination based on the physical and mental standards contained in this Subpart.

1.  

   (3)     A person who does not meet the medical standards of this Subpart may apply for the discretionary issuance of a certificate under 2.5.2.5.

2.5.2.3   Medical Certificate Requirements

1.  

   (1)     To conduct the following operations, a person shall—

   1.  

      (a)     hold a Class 1 medical certificate when exercising the privileges of a commercial or an airline transport pilot licence;

   1.  

      (b)     hold at least a Class 2 medical certificate when exercising the privileges of a private pilot licence; or

   1.  

      (c)     hold at least a Class 3 medical certificate—

      1.  

         (i)     when exercising the privileges of a student pilot licence,

      1.  

         (ii)     when exercising the privileges of an air traffic controller licence.

1.  

   (2)     A flight engineer shall hold a Class 1 medical certificate issued within the preceding 12 months.

1.  

   (3)     To act as an air traffic controller, except for a person employed by the Authority or on active duty with an armed force of Saint Lucia, a person shall hold at least a Class 3 medical certificate.

2.5.2.4   Duration of a Medical Certificate

1.  

   The duration of a Medical Certificate shall be in accordance with IS 2.5.2.4

2.5.2.5   (Reserved)

2.5.2.6   Renewal of Medical Certificate

1.  

   The requirements for the renewal of a medical assessment are the same as those for the initial assessment except where otherwise specifically stated.

2.5.2.7   Denial of Medical Certificate

1.  

   (1)     An applicant who is denied a medical certificate by an AME may, within 30 days after the date of the denial, apply in writing and in duplicate to the Authority for reconsideration of that denial. If the applicant does not ask for reconsideration during the 30-day period after the date of the denial, the Authority will consider that he or she has withdrawn the application for a medical certificate.

1.  

   (2)     The denial of a medical certificate—

   1.  

      (a)     by an aviation medical examiner is not a denial by the Authority; and

   1.  

      (b)     by the Authority is considered to be a denial by the Authority.

2.5.3   Physical and Mental Standards - All Medical Certificates

2.5.3.1   Applicability

1.  

   This Section prescribes the physical medical standards required for all medical certificates.

2.5.3.2   General Medical Requirements

1.  

   A person shall not hold nor be issued a medical certificate who—

   1.  

      (a)     has any organic, functional or structural disease, defect or limitation (active, latent, acute or chronic);

   1.  

      (b)     has any wound, injury or sequelae from operation; or

   1.  

      (c)     uses any medication or other treatment that, based on the case history and appropriate, qualified medical judgement relating to the condition(s) involved, the Authority finds—

      1.  

         (i)     makes the applicant unable to safely perform the duties or exercise the privileges of the licence(s) or rating(s) applied for or held, or

      1.  

         (ii)     may reasonably be expected, for the maximum duration of the airman medical certificate applied for or held, to make the applicant unable to perform those duties or exercise those privileges.

2.5.3.3   Mental Standards

1.  

   A person shall not hold nor be issued a medical certificate who has an established medical history or clinical diagnosis of—

   1.  

      (a)     a personality disorder that is severe enough to have repeatedly manifested itself by overt acts;

   1.  

      (b)     a psychosis;

Note: A history of acute toxic psychosis need not be regarded as disqualifying, provided that the applicant has suffered no permanent impairment.

1.  

   (c)     a bipolar (manic-depressive) disorder;

1.  

   (d)     substance dependence, except where there is established clinical evidence, satisfactory to the Authority, of recovery, including sustained total abstinence from the substance(s) for not less than the preceding 2 years; or

1.  

   (e)     other personality disorders, neurosis, or other mental condition that would likely jeopardise flight safety.

2.5.3.4   VISUAL REQUIREMENTS

1.  

   (1)     A person holding or being issued a medical certificate shall have normally functioning eyes and adnexae, and shall have no active pathological condition, acute or chronic, which is likely to jeopardize flight safety.

1.  

   (2)     A person issued a medical certificate shall meet the following minimum visual standards—

   1.  

      (a)     distant visual acuity of not less than 6/12 (20/40, 0.5) in each eye separately, with or without corrective lenses and provided that that person—

      1.  

         (i)     uses not more than one pair of correcting lenses to demonstrate compliance with visual acuity requirements,

      1.  

         (ii)     may not use single-vision near correction lenses (full lenses of one power only, appropriate to reading),

      1.  

         (iii)     may use “lookover”, bifocal or trifocal lenses in order to read the instruments and a chart or manual held in the hand, and to make use of distant vision through the windscreen without removing the lenses;

Note: When required to obtain or renew correcting lenses, an airman should advise the AME of reading distances for the visual flight deck tasks relevant to the types of aircraft in which the applicant is likely to function.

1.  

   (b)     uncorrected distance visual acuity of not less than 6/60 (20/200, 0.1) in either eye or the refractive error falls within the range of 5 dioptres (equivalent spherical error);

1.  

   (c)     near visual acuity to read an N5 chart (N5 refers to “Times Roman” type-face) at a distance selected by the applicant of between 30 and 50 cm, with or without corrective lenses;

1.  

   (d)     colour perception necessary for the safe performance of airman duties;

1.  

   (e)     normal fields of vision; and

1.  

   (f)     bifoveal fixation and vergence-phoria relationship sufficient to prevent a break in fusion under conditions that may reasonably be expected to occur in performing airman duties.

2.5.3.5   AUDITORY REQUIREMENTS

1.  

   (1)     A person shall not hold nor be issued a medical certificate having any hearing defect which is likely to jeopardise flight safety.

1.  

   (2)     A person holding or being issued a medical certificate shall—

   1.  

      (a)     be tested on a pure-tone audiometer not less than once every 5 years up to the age of 40 years, and thereafter not less than once every 3 years; or

   1.  

      (b)     demonstrate acceptable hearing by at least one of the following tests—

      1.  

         (i)     hear an average conversational voice in a quiet room, using both ears, at a distance of 2 meters from the examiner, with the back turned to the examiner,

      1.  

         (ii)     understand speech as determined by audiometric speech discrimination testing to a score of at least 70 percent obtained in one ear or in a sound field environment, or

      1.  

         (iii)     provide acceptable results of pure tone audiometric testing of unaided hearing acuity according to the following table of minimum acceptable thresholds:

         Frequency (Hz)	500Hz	1000Hz	2000Hz	3000Hz
         Better ear (dB)	35	30	30	40
         Poorer ear (dB)	35	50	50	60

2.5.3.6   Cardiovascular

1.  

   (1)     A person shall not hold nor be issued a medical certificate having any abnormality of the heart, congenital or acquired, which is likely to jeopardise flight safety.

1.  

   (2)     A person shall not hold nor be issued a medical certificate having an established medical history or clinical diagnosis of any of the following cardiovascular conditions:

   1.  

      (a)     myocardial infarction;

   1.  

      (b)     angina pectoris;

   1.  

      (c)     coronary heart disease that has required treatment or, if untreated, that has been symptomatic or clinically significant;

   1.  

      (d)     cardiac valve replacement;

   1.  

      (e)     permanent cardiac pacemaker implantation;

   1.  

      (f)     heart replacement.

1.  

   (3)     A person shall not hold or be issued a medical certificate if that person has:

   1.  

      (a)     systolic and diastolic blood pressures outside normal limits; or

   1.  

      (b)     a significant functional or structural abnormality of the circulatory tree.

2.5.3.7   Neurological Requirements

1.  

   (1)     A person shall not hold nor be issued a medical certificate having any neurological disorder, disturbance of consciousness, or neurological condition which is likely to jeopardise flight safety.

1.  

   (2)     A person shall not hold nor be issued a medical certificate having an established medical history or clinical diagnosis of any of the following neurological conditions:

   1.  

      (a)     Epilepsy;

   1.  

      (b)     a disturbance of consciousness without satisfactory medical explanation of the cause;

   1.  

      (c)     a transient loss of control of nervous system function(s) without satisfactory medical explanation of the cause.

2.5.3.8   Other Disqualifying Physical Conditions

1.  

   (1)     A person shall not hold nor be issued a medical certificate having an established medical history or clinical diagnosis of any of the following medical conditions:

   1.  

      (a)     a disease or condition of the middle or internal ear, nose, oral cavity, pharynx, or larynx that—

      1.  

         (i)     interferes with, or is aggravated by, flying or may reasonably be expected to do so, or

      1.  

         (ii)     interferes with, or may reasonably be expected to interfere with, clear and effective speech communication;

   1.  

      (b)     a disease or condition manifested by, or that may reasonably be expected to be manifested by, vertigo or a disturbance of equilibrium;

   1.  

      (c)     permanent disturbances of the vestibular apparatus;

   1.  

      (d)     acute disability of the lungs or any active disease of the structures of the lungs, mediastinum or pleura;

   1.  

      (e)     disabling disease with important impairment of function of the gastrointestinal tract or its adnexae;

   1.  

      (f)     sequelae of disease or surgical intervention on any part of the digestive tract or its adnexae, likely to cause incapacity in flight, in particular obstructions due to stricture or compression;

   1.  

      (g)     hernias that might cause incapacitating symptoms;

   1.  

      (h)     metabolic, nutritional or endocrine disorders likely to interfere with safe conduct of flight;

   1.  

      (i)     diabetes mellitus that requires insulin or any other hypoglycemic drug for control;

   1.  

      (j)     significant localised or generalised enlargement of the lymphatic glands and of diseases of the blood;

   1.  

      (k)     any signs of organic disease of the kidney;

   1.  

      (l)     urine containing abnormal element considered to be of pathological significance;

   1.  

      (m)     abnormality of the urinary passages or the genital organs;

   1.  

      (n)     any sequelae of disease or surgical procedures on the kidneys and the urinary tract likely to cause incapacity, in particular any obstructions due to stricture or compression;

   1.  

      (o)     compensated nephrectomy without hypertension or uraemia;

   1.  

      (p)     severe menstrual disturbances that have proved unresponsive to treatment;

   1.  

      (q)     any active disease of the bones, joints, muscles or tendons;

   1.  

      (r)     head injury, the effects of which are likely to interfere with or jeopardise flight safety.

1.  

   (2)     In addition to the requirements in paragraph (1), a person shall not hold nor be issued a Class 2 medical certificate if that person has an established medical history or clinical diagnosis of any of the following medical conditions, except in cases where accredited medical conclusion indicates that the condition is not likely to affect the safe exercise of the applicant's licence and rating privileges:

   1.  

      (a)     active pulmonary tuberculosis;

   1.  

      (b)     quiescent or healed lesions which are known to be tuberculous, or are presumably tuberculous in origin;

   1.  

      (c)     serious malformation or serious, acute or chronic affection of the buccal cavity or upper respiratory tract;

   1.  

      (d)     acute or chronic impairment nasal air entry;

   1.  

      (e)     pregnancy—

      1.  

         (i)     after the end of the third month,

      1.  

         (ii)     presenting any complications, or

      1.  

         (iii)     following confinement or termination of pregnancy, until reexamination and assessment as fit.

1.  

   (3)     A person seeking first issuance of a Class 2 medical certificate who has a personal history of syphilis shall furnish evidence, satisfactory to the medical examiner, that the person has undergone adequate treatment.

2.5.4   Class 1 Medical Certificate

2.5.4.1   Applicability

1.  

   This Section prescribes the physical medical standards required for the issuance of a Class 1 medical certificate.

2.5.4.2   Eligibility

1.  

   An applicant shall meet the requirements of this subsection, in addition to the general requirements of Section 2.5.3, to be eligible for and to remain eligible for a Class 1 medical certificate.

2.5.4.3   ADDITIONAL VISUAL REQUIREMENTS

1.  

   A person holding or being issued a Class 1 medical certificate shall—

   1.  

      (a)     possess a distant visual acuity of not less than 6/9 (20/30, 0.5) in each eye separately with or without the use of correcting lenses;

   1.  

      (b)     uncorrected distance visual acuity of not less than 6/60 (20/200, 0.1) in either eye or the refractive error falls within the range of 3 dioptres (equivalent spherical error); and

   1.  

      (c)     have the ability to read the N14 chart (N14 refers to “Times Roman” type face) or its equivalent at a distance of 39.3 inches (100 cm).

2.5.4.4   Additional Auditory Requirements

1.  

   A person holding or being issued a Class 1 medical certificate shall—

   1.  

      (a)     demonstrate a hearing performance in each ear separately equivalent to that of a normal person. against a background noise that will simulate the masking properties of flight deck noise upon speech and audio tones;

   1.  

      (b)     have no permanent obstruction of the Eustachian tubes; and

   1.  

      (c)     have no unhealed (unclosed) perforation of the tympanic membranes.

2.5.4.5   ADDITIONAL CARDIOVASCULAR REQUIREMENTS

1.  

   A person holding or being issued a Class 1 Medical Certificate shall demonstrate an absence of myocardial infarction and other clinically significant abnormality on an electrocardiographic examination—

   1.  

      (a)     at the first application;

   1.  

      (b)     on a 2-year basis after reaching the 30th birthday; and

   1.  

      (c)     on an annual basis after reaching the 40th birthday.

2.5.5   Class 2 Medical Certificate

2.5.5.1   Applicability

1.  

   This Section prescribes the physical medical standards required for the issuance of a Class 2 medical certificate.

2.5.5.2   Eligibility

1.  

   An applicant shall meet the requirements of this subsection, in addition to the general requirements of Section 2.5.3, to be eligible for and to remain eligible for a Class 2 medical certificate.

2.5.5.3   Additional Visual Requirements

1.  

   A person holding or being issued a Class 2 Medical Certificate shall possess a distant visual acuity of not less than 6/12 (20/40, 0.5) in each eye separately with or without the use of correcting lenses.

2.5.5.4   Additional Auditory Requirements

1.  

   A person holding or being issued a Class 2 medical certificate shall—

   1.  

      (a)     for a commercial pilot, demonstrate a hearing performance in each ear separately equivalent to that of a normal person, against a background noise that will simulate the masking properties of flight deck noise upon speech and audio tones;

   1.  

      (b)     for an air traffic controller, demonstrate a hearing performance in each ear separately equivalent to that of a normal person, against a background noise that will simulate that experienced in a typical air traffic control environment; and

   1.  

      (c)     have no unhealed (unclosed) perforation of the tympanic membranes.

2.5.6   Class 3 Medical Certificate

2.5.6.1   Applicability

1.  

   This section prescribes the physical medical standards required for the issuance of a Class 3 medical certificate.

2.5.6.2   Eligibility

1.  

   An applicant shall meet the requirements of this subsection, in addition to the general requirements of Section 2.5.3, to be eligible for and to remain eligible for a Class 3 medical certificate.

2.5.6.3   Additional Visual Requirements

1.  

   A person holding or being issued a Class 3 Medical Certificate shall possess a distant visual acuity of not less than 6/12 (20/40, 0.5) in each eye separately with or without the use of correcting lenses.

2.5.6.4   Additional Auditory Requirements

1.  

   A person holding or being issued a Class 3 medical certificate shall—

   1.  

      (a)     demonstrate an ability to hear an average conversational voice in a quiet room, using both ears, at a distance of 6 feet from the examiner, with back to the examiner;

   1.  

      (b)     have no unhealed (unclosed) perforation of the tympanic membranes.

PART 3
AVIATION TRAINING ORGANISATIONS

CONTENTS