Revised Laws of Saint Lucia (2023)

PART 7
INSTRUMENTS AND EQUIPMENT

7.1.1   GENERAL

7.1.1.1   Applicability

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   (1)     This Part prescribes the minimum instrument and equipment requirements for all aircraft in all operations.

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   (2)     The requirements of this Part use the following key designators—

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      (a)     AAC: all aircraft, including Commercial Air Transport and AOC Holders appropriate to the subject of the regulations, e.g., an all aircraft regulation may only refer to seaplanes, but will include CAT and AOC seaplanes;

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      (b)     CAT: commercial air transport (includes AOC Holders) ), appropriate to the subject of the regulations, e.g., a CAT regulation may only refer to seaplanes, but will include AOC seaplanes; and

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      (c)     AOC: AOC Holders. Where AOC requirements are redundant to AAC or CAT requirements, or more detailed, the AOC requirements will be followed.

7.1.1.2   Definition

1.  

   “Extended overwater operation” means in the case of single-engine land planes, extended overwater operation means a distance of more than 185 km (100 nm) from land suitable for making an emergency landing. In the case of multi-engine land planes, more than 370 km (200 nm) from land suitable for making an emergency landing, with the capability of continuing flight with one engine inoperative.

7.1.1.3   Acronyms

1.  

   The following acronyms are used in Part 7:

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      (a)     ADF – Automatic Direction Finder;

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      (b)     AOC – Air Operator Certificate;

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      (c)     DH – Decision Height;

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      (d)     DME – Distance Measuring Equipment;

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      (e)     ELT – Emergency Locator Transmitter;

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      (f)     ILS – Instrument Landing System;

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      (g)     IFR – Instrument Flight Rating;

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      (h)     IMC – Instrument Meteorological Conditions;

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      (i)     LRNS – Long Range Navigation Systems;

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      (j)     MEL – Minimum Equipment List (Part 1);

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      (k)     MHz – Megahertz;

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      (l)     MLS – Microwave Landing System;

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      (m)     MNPS – Minimal Navigation Performance Specifications;

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      (n)     NDB – Non-Directional Beacon;

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      (o)     PBE – Pressure Breathing Equipment;

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      (p)     RVSM – Reduced Vertical Separation Minimum;

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      (q)     SSR – Secondary Surveillance Radar;

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      (r)     VFR – Visual Flight Rules (see 8.8.3.1);

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      (s)     VMC – Visual Meteorological Conditions;

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      (t)     VOR – VHF Omnidirectional Range;

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      (u)     VSM – Vertical Separation Minimum.

7.1.1.4   General Instrument and Equipment Requirements

1.  

   (1)     In addition to the minimum equipment necessary for the issuance of a certificate of airworthiness, the instruments, equipment and flight documents prescribed in this Part shall be installed or carried, as appropriate, in aircraft according to the aircraft used and to the circumstances under which the flight is to be conducted.

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   (2)     All required instruments and equipment shall be approved and installed in accordance with applicable airworthiness requirements.

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   (3)     Prior to operation in Saint Lucia of any aircraft not registered in Saint Lucia that uses an airworthiness inspection program approved or accepted by the State of Registry, the owner/operator shall ensure that instruments and equipment required by Saint Lucia but not installed in the aircraft are properly installed and inspected in accordance with the requirements of the State of Registry.

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   (4)     An AOC holder shall ensure that a flight does not commence unless the required equipment—

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      (a)     meets the minimum performance standard and the operational and airworthiness requirements of all relevant standards;

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      (b)     is installed such that the failure of any single unit required for either communication or navigation purposes, or both, will not result in the inability to communicate and/or navigate safely on the route being flown; and

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      (c)     is in operable condition for the kind of operation being conducted, except as provided in the MEL.

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   (5)     If equipment is to be used by one flight crew member at his or her station during flight, it shall be installed so as to be readily operable from his or her station.

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   (6)     When a single item of equipment is required to be operated by more than one flight crew member, it shall be installed so that the equipment is readily operable from any station at which the equipment is required to be operated.

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   (7)     The aircraft shall be equipped with spare fuses and bulbs of appropriate ratings for the replacement of those accessible in flight.

7.1.2   FLIGHT AND NAVIGATIONAL INSTRUMENTS

7.1.2.1   General Requirements

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   (1)     All aircraft shall be equipped with flight and navigational instruments which will enable the flight crew to—

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      (a)     control the flight path of the aircraft;

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      (b)     carry out any required procedural manoeuvres; and

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      (c)     observe the operating limitations of the aircraft in the expected operating conditions.

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   (2)     When a means is provided for transferring an instrument from its primary operating system to an alternative system, the means shall include a positive positioning control and shall be marked to indicate clearly which system is being used.

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   (3)     Those instruments that are used by any one flight crew member shall be so arranged as to permit the flight crew member to see the indications readily from his station, with the minimum practicable deviation from the position and line of vision which he normally assumes when looking forward along the flight path

7.1.2.2   MINIMUM FLIGHT AND NAVIGATIONAL INSTRUMENTS

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   (1)     A person shall not operate any aircraft unless it is equipped with the following flight and navigational instruments:

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      (a)     an airspeed indicating system calibrated in knots;

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      (b)     a sensitive pressure altimeter calibrated in feet with a sub-scale setting calibrated in hectopascals/millibars, adjustable for any barometric pressure likely to be set during flight;

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      (c)     an accurate timepiece indicating the time in hours, minutes and seconds (approval not required);

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      (d)     a magnetic compass.

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   (2)     A person shall not operate an aeroplane with speed limitations expressed in terms of Mach number unless there is a properly installed Mach number indicator.

7.1.2.3   Instruments for Operations Requiring 2 Pilots

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   (1)     Whenever 2 pilots are required, each pilot's station shall have separate flight instruments as follows:

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      (a)     an airspeed indicator calibrated in knots;

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      (b)     a sensitive pressure altimeter calibrated in feet with a sub-scale setting calibrated in hectopascals/millibars, adjustable for any barometric pressure likely to be set during flight;

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      (c)     a vertical speed indicator;

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      (d)     a turn and slip indicator, or a turn co-ordinator incorporating a slip indicator;

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      (e)     an attitude indicator; and

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      (f)     a stabilised direction indicator.

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   (2)     The second-in-command's flight instruments shall meet the same requirements for markings, indications and illumination as those required for the pilot-in-command.

7.1.2.4   IFR Instruments

1.  

   (1)     All aircraft when operated in IFR, or when the aircraft cannot be maintained in a desired attitude without reference to one or more flight instruments, shall be equipped with—

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      (a)     an airspeed indicating system with a means of preventing malfunctioning due to either condensation or icing;

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      (b)     a turn and slip indicator;

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      (c)     an attitude indicator (artificial horizon);

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      (d)     a heading indicator (directional gyroscope);

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      (e)     a means of indicating whether the supply of power to the gyroscopic instruments is adequate;

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      (f)     a means of indicating in the flight crew compartment the outside air temperature;

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      (g)     a rate-of-climb and descent indicator;

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      (h)     a minimum of 2 sensitive pressure altimeters with centre drum pointer or equivalent presentations, except for single pilot operations in propeller driven aircraft of less than 5700Kg MTOW, only one such altimeter is required; and

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      (i)     such additional instruments or equipment as may be prescribed by the Authority.

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   (2)     A person shall not operate an aircraft under IFR, or under VFR over routes that cannot be navigated by reference to visual landmarks, unless the aircraft is equipped with navigation equipment in accordance with the requirements of air traffic services in the area(s) of operation, but not less than:

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      (a)     one VOR receiving system, one ADF system, one DME and one Marker Beacon receiving system;

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      (b)     one ILS or MLS where ILS or MLS is required for approach navigation purposes;

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      (c)     an Area Navigation System when area navigation is required for the route being a flown;

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      (d)     an additional VOR receiving system on any route, or part thereof, where navigation is based only on VOR signals; and

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      (e)     an additional ADF system on any route, or part thereof, where navigation is based only on NDB signals.

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   (3)     All aircraft intended to land in IMC or at night shall be provided with radio navigation equipment capable of receiving signals providing guidance to—

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      (a)     a point from which a visual landing can be effected; or

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      (b)     each aerodrome at which it is intended to land in IMC; and

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      (c)     any designated alternate aerodromes.

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   (4)     A person shall not conduct single pilot IFR operations unless the aeroplane is equipped with an autopilot with at least altitude hold and heading mode.

7.1.2.5   Standby Attitude Indicator

1.  

   (1)     A person shall not operate an aircraft with a maximum certified take-off mass exceeding 5,700 kg and aircraft having a maximum approved passenger seating configuration of more than 9 seats unless it is equipped with a single standby attitude indicator (artificial horizon) that—

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      (a)     operates independently of any other attitude indicating system;

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      (b)     is powered continuously during normal operation; and

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      (c)     after a total failure of the normal electrical generating system, is automatically powered for a minimum of 30 minutes from a source independent of the normal electrical generating system.

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   (2)     When the standby attitude indicator is being operated by emergency power, it shall be clearly evident to the flight crew.

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   (3)     Where the standby attitude indicator has its own dedicated power supply there shall be an associated indication, either on the instrument or on the instrument pane when this supply is in use.

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   (4)     If the standby attitude instrument system is installed and usable through flight attitudes of 360° of pitch and roll, the turn and slip indicators may be replaced by slip indicators.

7.1.2.6   Instruments and Equipment for Category II Operations

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   The instruments and equipment listed in this subsection shall be installed in each aircraft operated in a Category II operation:

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   Note: This subsection does not require duplication of instruments and equipment required by 7.1.2.2 or any other provisions of Part 7.

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      (a)     Group I.

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         (i)     2 localizer and glide slope receiving systems,

Note: Each system shall provide a basic ILS display and each side of the instrument panel must have a basic ILS display. However, a single localizer antenna and a single glide slope antenna may be used.

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   (ii)     a communications system that does not affect the operation of at least one of the ILS systems,

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   (iii)     a marker beacon receiver that provides distinctive aural and visual indications of the outer and the middle markers,

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   (iv)     2 gyroscopic pitch and bank indicating systems,

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   (v)     2 gyroscopic direction indicating systems,

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   (vi)     2 airspeed indicators,

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   (vii)     2 sensitive altimeters adjustable for barometric pressure, having markings at 20 foot intervals and each having a placarded correction for altimeter scale error and for the wheel height of the aircraft,

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   (viii)     2 vertical speed indicators,

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   (ix)     a flight control guidance system that consists of either an automatic approach coupler or a flight director system,

Note: A flight director system must display computed information as steering command in relation to an ILS localizer and, on the same instrument, either computed information as pitch command in relation to an ILS glide slope or basic ILS glide slope information. An automatic approach coupler must provide at least automatic steering in relation to an ILS localizer. The flight control guidance system may be operated from one of the receiving systems required by paragraph (a)(i).

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   (x)     for Category II operations with decision heights below 150 feet either a marker beacon receiver providing aural and visual indications of the inner marker or a radio altimeter;

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   (b)     Group II

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      (i)     warning systems for immediate detection by the pilot of system faults in items (a)(i), (a)(iv), and (a)(ix), of Group I and, if installed for use in Category III operations, the radio altimeter and autothrottle system,

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      (ii)     dual controls,

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      (iii)     an externally vented static pressure system with an alternate static pressure source,

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      (iv)     a windshield wiper or equivalent means of providing adequate cockpit visibility for a safe visual transition by either pilot to touchdown and rollout,

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      (v)     a heat source for each airspeed system pitot tube installed or an equivalent means of preventing malfunctioning due to icing of the pitot system.

Implementing Standard: See IS: 7.1.2.6 for Category II instrument and equipment approval and maintenance requirements.

7.1.2.7   Navigation Equipment for Operations in RNP and MNPS Airspace

1.  

   (1)     An AOC holder shall not operate an aeroplane in MNPS airspace unless it is equipped with navigation equipment that–

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      (a)     continuously provides indications to the flight crew of adherence to or departure from track to the required degree of accuracy at any point along that track; and

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      (b)     has been authorised by the State of Registry for MNPS operations concerned.

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   (2)     The navigation equipment required for operations in MNPS airspace shall be visible and usable by either pilot seated at his or her duty station.

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   (3)     For unrestricted operation in MNPS airspace an aeroplane shall be equipped with 2 independent Long-Range Navigation Systems (LRNS).

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   (4)     For operation in MNPS airspace along notified special routes, an aeroplane shall be equipped with one LRNS, unless otherwise specified.

7.1.2.8   Autopilot

1.  

   (1)     A person shall not operate an aircraft above FL 290 unless that aircraft is equipped with an autopilot capable of automatically maintaining a selected flight level.

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   (2)     A person shall not operate an aircraft in airspace for which minimum navigation performance specifications are prescribed unless that aircraft is equipped with an autopilot capable of receiving and automatically tracking the selected navigational equipment inputs.

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   (3)     For commercial air transport: No person may operate an aeroplane with a single pilot under IFR unless that aeroplane is equipped with an autopilot with at least altitude hold and heading mode.

7.1.2.9   IFR Helicopter Stabilization System for Commercial Air Transport

1.  

   A person shall not operate a helicopter in IFR commercial air transport operations without a stabilization system, unless that helicopter was certificated by the State of Manufacture as having adequate stability without such a system.

7.1.2.10   EQUIPMENT FOR SPECIAL ALTIMETRY ACCURACY (RVSM)

1.  

   A person shall not operate an aircraft in RVSM airspace unless the aircraft is equipped with:

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      (a)     2 independent altitude reporting systems;

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      (b)     an altitude alerting system;

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      (c)     an automatic altitude holding system; and

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      (d)     a transponder with altitude reporting capability which can be connected to altitude holding system.

7.1.3   COMMUNICATION EQUIPMENT

7.1.3.1   Radio Equipment

1.  

   (1)     A person shall not operate an aircraft that is not equipped with radio equipment –

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      (a)     in controlled flight;

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      (b)     under instrument flight rules; or

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      (c)     at night

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   (2)     All aircraft operated in VFR as a controlled flight or in IFR shall be provided with radio communication equipment capable of conducting two-way communication with those aeronautical stations and on those frequencies prescribed by the Authority, including the aeronautic emergency frequency 121.5 MHz.

1.  

   (3)     A person shall not operate an aircraft in IFR, or in VFR over routes that cannot be navigated by reference to visual landmarks, unless the aircraft is equipped with communication and navigation equipment in accordance with the requirements of air traffic services in the area(s) of operation, but not less than—

   1.  

      (a)     2 independent radio communication systems necessary under normal operating conditions to communicate with an appropriate ground station from any point on the route including diversions;

Note: Each system shall have an independent antenna installation except that, where rigidly supported non-wire antennae or other antenna installations of equivalent reliability are used, only one antenna is required.

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   (b)     secondary surveillance radar transponder equipment as required for the route being flown.

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   (4)     When more than one communications or navigation unit is required, each shall be independent of the other or others to the extent that a failure in any one will not result in failure of any other.

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   (5)     A person shall not operate an aircraft under IFR unless it is equipped with an audio selector panel accessible to each required flight crewmember.

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   (6)     A person shall not conduct single pilot IFR or night operations unless the aircraft is equipped with a headset with boom microphone or equivalent and a transmit button on the control wheel.

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   (7)     A person shall not operate and aircraft unless equipped with Radio Communication equipment capable of receiving meteorological information at any time during the flight.

7.1.3.2   Crew member Interphone System

1.  

   (1)     An AOC holder shall not operate an aircraft on which a flight crew of more than one is required unless it is equipped with a flight crew interphone system, including headsets and microphones, not of a handheld type, for use by all members of the flight crew.

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   (2)     An AOC holder shall not operate an aircraft with a maximum certified take-off mass exceeding 15,000 kg or having a maximum approved passenger seating configuration of more than 19 unless it is equipped with a crew member interphone system that—

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      (a)     operates independently of the public address system except for handsets, headsets, microphones, selector switches and signaling devices;

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      (b)     provides a means of 2-way communication between the flight crew compartment and each—

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         (i)     passenger compartment,

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         (ii)     galley located other than on a passenger deck level, and

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         (iii)     remote crew compartment that is not on the passenger deck and is not easily accessible from a passenger compartment;

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      (c)     is readily accessible for use—

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         (i)     from each of the required flight crew stations in the flight crew compartment, and

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         (ii)     at required cabin crew member stations close to each separate or pair of floor level emergency exits;

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      (d)     has an alerting system incorporating aural or visual signals for use by flight crew members to alert the cabin crew and for use by cabin crew members to alert the flight crew;

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      (e)     has a means for the recipient of a call to determine whether it is a normal call or an emergency call; and

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      (f)     provides on the ground a means of 2-way communication between ground personnel and at least 2 flight crew members.

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   (3)     A person engaged in commercial air transport shall not make use of a hand-held microphone (whether for the purpose of radio communication or of intercommunication within the aircraft) whilst the aircraft is flying in controlled airspace below flight level 150 or is taking off or landing.

7.1.3.3   Altitude Reporting Transponder

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   (1)     A person shall not operate an aircraft in airspace which requires a pressure altitude reporting transponder unless that equipment is operative.

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   (2)     A person shall not operate an aircraft at altitudes above FL 290 unless it is equipped with a system which is automatically reporting pressure altitudes.

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   (3)     For commercial air transport: A person shall not operate an aircraft in commercial air transport unless is equipped with a pressure-altitude reporting transponder which operates in accordance with the requirements of the appropriate air traffic service requirements.

7.1.4   Aircraft Lights and Instrument Illumination

1.  

   (1)     All aircraft operated at night shall be equipped with:

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      (a)     a landing light;

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      (b)     illumination for all flight instruments and equipment that are essential for the safe operation of the aircraft;

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      (c)     lights in all passenger compartments;

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      (d)     a flashlight for each crew member station; (approval not required);

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      (e)     aircraft navigation lights;

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      (f)     an anti-collision beacon.

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   (2)     An AOC holder shall not operate an aircraft by day or night unless it is equipped with:

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      (a)     2 landing lights;

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      (b)     an anti-collision light system;

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      (c)     illumination for all flight instruments and equipment that are essential for the safe operation of the aircraft;

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      (d)     lights in all passenger compartments; and

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      (e)     a flashlight for each crew member station (approval not required).

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   (3)     An AOC holder shall not operate an aircraft by night unless, in addition to the equipment specified in paragraph (1) above, it is equipped with—

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      (a)     navigation/position lights;

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      (b)     2 landing lights or a single light having 2 separately energized filaments; and

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      (c)     lights to conform to the International regulations for preventing collisions at sea if the aircraft is a seaplane or an amphibian aircraft.

7.1.5   Engine Instruments

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   (1)     Unless the Authority allows or requires different instrumentation for turbine engine powered aircraft to provide equivalent safety, a person shall not conduct any commercial air transport operations in any aircraft without the following engine instruments:

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      (a)     a fuel pressure indicator for each engine;

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      (b)     a fuel flowmeter;

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      (c)     a means for indicating fuel quantity in each fuel tank to be used;

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      (d)     an oil pressure indicator for each engine;

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      (e)     an oil quantity indicator for each oil-tank when a transfer or separate oil reserve supply is used;

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      (f)     an oil-in temperature indicator for each engine;

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      (g)     a tachometer for each engine;

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      (h)     an independent fuel pressure warning device for each engine or a master warning device for all engines with a means for isolating the individual warning circuits from the master warning device.

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   (2)     In addition to the listed equipment requirements in paragraph (1), reciprocating engine aircraft shall have the following:

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      (a)     a carburettor air temperature indicator for each engine;

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      (b)     a cylinder head temperature indicator for each air-cooled engine;

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      (c)     a manifold pressure indicator for each engine;

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      (d)     a device for each reversible propeller, to indicate to the pilot when the propeller is in reverse pitch, that complies with the following:

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         (i)     the device may be actuated at any point in the reversing cycle between the normal low pitch stop position and full reverse pitch, but it may not give an indication at or above the normal low pitch stop position,

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         (ii)     the source of indication shall be actuated by the propeller blade angle or be directly responsive to it.

7.1.6   Warning Instruments and Systems

7.1.6.1   Mach number Indicator

1.  

   (1)     All aircraft with speed limitations expressed in terms of Mach number shall be equipped with a Mach number indicator.

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   (2)     A person shall not operate a turbo jet aircraft unless it is equipped with an installed aural mach overspeed warning.

7.1.6.2   Loss of Pressurisation Indicator

1.  

   All pressurised aircraft intended to be operated at flight altitudes at which the atmospheric pressure is less than 376hpa shall be equipped with a device to provide positive warning to the flight crew of any dangerous loss of pressurisation.

7.1.6.3   Landing Gear: Aural Warning Device

1.  

   (1)     An aeroplane with landing gear shall have a landing gear aural warning device that functions continuously under the following conditions:

   1.  

      (a)     for aeroplanes with an established approach wing-flap position, whenever the wing flaps are extended beyond the maximum certified approach climb configuration position in the Aeroplane Flight Manual and the landing gear is not fully extended and locked;

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      (b)     for aeroplanes without an established approach climb wingflap position, whenever the wing flaps are extended beyond the position at which landing gear extension is normally performed and the landing gear is not fully extended and locked.

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   (2)     The warning system required by paragraph (1):

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      (a)     shall not have a manual shutoff;

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      (b)     shall be in addition to the throttle-actuated device installed under the type certification airworthiness requirements; and

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      (c)     may utilise any part of the throttle-actuated system including the aural warning device.

1.  

   (3)     The flap position-sensing unit may be installed at any suitable place in the aeroplane.

7.1.6.4   Altitude Alerting System

1.  

   (1)     An AOC holder shall not operate a turbine propeller powered aeroplane with a maximum certified take-off mass in excess of 5,700 kg or having a maximum approved passenger seating configuration of more than 9 seats, or a turbojet powered aeroplane, unless it is equipped with an altitude alerting system capable of—

   1.  

      (a)     alerting the flight crew upon approaching preselected altitude in either ascent or descent; and

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      (b)     alerting the flight crew by at least an aural signal, when deviating above or below a preselected altitude.

1.  

   (2)     For operations in defined portions of airspace where, based on Regional Air Navigation Agreement, a VSM of 300 m (1,000 ft) is applied above FL 290, an aircraft shall be provided with equipment which is capable of providing an alert to the flight crew when a deviation occurs from the selected flight level. The threshold for the alert may not exceed ±90 m (300 ft).

7.1.6.5   Ground Proximity Warning System

1.  

   (1)     A holder shall not operate a turbine-powered aeroplane unless it is equipped with a ground proximity warning system which has a forward looking terrain avoidance function.

Note. From 1 January 2007, no AOC holder may operate a piston-engined aeroplane of a maximum certificated take-off mass in excess of 5,700 kg or authorized to carry more than nine passengers unless it is equipped with a ground proximity warning system which provides the warnings of (7.1.6.5 (b) and (c)), warning of unsafe terrain clearance and a forward looking terrain avoidance function.

1.  

   (2)     [AOC] A ground proximity warning system shall automatically provide, by means of aural signals which may be supplemented by visual signals, timely and distinctive warning to the flight crew of sink rate, ground proximity, altitude loss after take-off or go around, incorrect landing configuration and downward glideslope deviation.

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   (3)     [AOC] A ground proximity warning system shall provide, as a minimum, warnings of the following circumstances—

   1.  

      (a)     excessive descent rate;

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      (b)     excessive terrain closure rate;

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      (c)     excessive altitude loss after take-off or go-around;

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      (d)     unsafe terrain clearance while not in landing configuration; and

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      (e)     excessive descent below the instrument glide path.

7.1.6.6   Weather Radar – commercial air transport

1.  

   (1)     A person shall not operate an airplane having a maximum approved passenger seating of more than 9 seats in commercial air transport unless it has an approved weather radar or thunderstorm detection device installed.

1.  

   (2)     A person shall not operate an airplane having a maximum certificated takeoff mass of more than 5700 kg in commercial air transport unless it has an approved weather radar installed.

1.  

   (3)     A person shall not begin a commercial air transport passenger flight under IFR, when current weather reports indicate that thunderstorms or other potentially hazardous conditions than could be detected by the installed weather radar or thunderstorm detection device may reasonably be expected along the route, unless that equipment is operating satisfactorily.

1.  

   (4)     If the weather radar or thunderstorm detection device becomes inoperative on a commercial air transport passenger aircraft en route, the aircraft must be operated under the instructions and procedures specified in the AOC holder's Operations Manual.

1.  

   (5)     An alternate electrical power supply is not required for the weather radar or thunderstorm detection device.

7.1.6.7   Airborne Collision Avoidance System (ACAS)

1.  

   Note: In anticipation of changing international safety standards, the Authority recommends that all commercial air transport passenger aircraft be equipped with an ACAS.

   1.  

      (1)     A person shall not operate a turbine engine aeroplane with a maximum certificated takeoff mass in excess of 15,000 kg or authorized to carry more than 30 passengers, unless it is equipped with an ACASII.

   1.  

      (2)     After 1 January 2005, a person shall not operate a turbine engine aeroplane with a maximum certificated takeoff mass in excess of 5,700 kg or authorized to carry more than 19 passengers, unless it is equipped with an ACASII.

7.1.6.8   FORWARD LOOKING WIND SHEAR WARNING SYSTEM - TURBOJET AIRCRAFT

1.  

   Note: In anticipation of changing international safety standards, the Authority recommends that commercial air transport turbojet aircraft with a maximum certificated take off mass in excess of 5,700Kg or authorised to carry more than nine passengers, be equipped with a forward looking wind shear warning system.

   1.  

      (1)     This system should be capable of providing the pilot with an aural and visual warning of wind shear ahead of the aircraft and the information required to permit the pilot to safely commence and continue a missed approach or go-around or to execute an escape manoeuvre if necessary.

   1.  

      (2)     This system should also provide an indication to the pilot when the limits specified for the certification of automatic landing equipment are being approached, when such equipment is in use.

7.1.6.7   Flight and Cockpit Voice Recorders

7.1.6.1.7   Flight Data And Voice Recorders - General

1.  

   (1)     The flight recorders shall be constructed, located and installed so as to provide maximum practical protection for the recorders in order that the recorded information may be preserved, recovered and transcribed. To facilitate location and identification in case of an accident, the cockpit voice recorder shall—

   1.  

      (a)     be constructed, located and installed so as to provide maximum practical protection for the recordings in order that the recorded information may be preserved, recovered and transcribed;

   1.  

      (b)     be either bright orange or bright yellow;

   1.  

      (c)     have reflective tape affixed to the external surface to facilitate its location under water; and

   1.  

      (d)     have an approved underwater locating device on or adjacent to the recorder, which is secured in such a manner that it is not likely to be separated during a crash impact.

1.  

   (2)     Flight recorders shall—

   1.  

      (a)     be calibrated and have operational checks and evaluations of recordings to ensure the continued serviceability of the recorders, as required by the Authority; and

   1.  

      (b)     meet the prescribed crashworthiness and fire protection specifications.

1.  

   (3)     Flight recorders shall record in a digital mode.

1.  

   (4)     An aircraft required to have both CVR and FDR may alternatively be equipped with—

   1.  

      (a)     a single combination (CVR/FDR) recorder, for aircraft with a maximum certificated takeoff mass of 5700 kg or less; or

   1.  

      (b)     2 combination (CVR/FDR) recorders, for aircraft with a maximum certificated takeoff mass of more than 5700 kg.

7.1.7.2   Flight Deck Voice Recorders

1.  

   (1)     All aeroplanes of a maximum certificated take-off mass of over 5,700Kg, shall be equipped with a CVR, the objective of which is the recording of the aural environment on the flight deck during flight time.

1.  

   (2)     All helicopters of a maximum certificated take-off mass of over 3,180Kg, shall be equipped with a CVR, the objective of which is the recording of the aural environment on the flight deck during flight time. For helicopters not equipped with an FDR, at least main rotor speed shall be recorded on one track of the CVR.

Note: In anticipation of changing international requirements, the Authority recommends that all AOC holders of multi-engined turbine powered aircraft with a maximum certificated takeoff mass of 5700 kg or less install a voice recorder.

1.  

   (3)     The flight deck voice recorder shall be capable of retaining the information recorded during at least the last 30 minutes. Except that for aircraft and helicopters for which the individual certificate of airworthiness was first issued after 1st January 2003, the CVR shall be capable of retaining the information recorded during at least the last 2 hours of its operation.

1.  

   (4)     If an aircraft is equipped to utilize digital communications with ATS, those communications shall be recorded on either the flight deck voice or flight data recorder. If recorded on the flight data recorder, the minimum recording duration of the digital communications shall be equal to the duration of the CVR and readily correlatable to the cockpit voice recorder recording.

1.  

   (5)     From 1 January 2007, all helicopters which utilize data link communications and all helicopters for which the individual certificate of airworthiness is first issued after 1 January 2005 and are required to carry a CVR, shall record on a flight recorder, all data link communications to and from the helicopter. The minimum recording duration shall be equal to the duration of the CVR, and shall be correlated to the recorded cockpit audio. Sufficient information to derive the content of the data link communications message, and, whenever practical, the time the message was displayed to or generated by the crew shall be recorded.

7.1.7.3   Flight Data Recorders

1.  

   (1)     All aeroplanes of a maximum certificated take-off mass of over 27,000Kg, shall be equipped with a type I FDR.

1.  

   (2)     All aeroplanes of a maximum certificated take-off mass of over 5,700Kg, up to and including 27,000Kg, shall be equipped with a type II FDR.

1.  

   (3)     All aeroplanes of a maximum certificated take-off mass of over 5,700Kg, for which the individual certificate of airworthiness is first issued after 1st January 2005, shall be equipped with a type IA FDR.

Note: In anticipation of changing international requirements, the Authority recommends that all AOC holders of multi-engined turbine powered aircraft with a maximum certificated takeoff mass of 5,700 kg or less install a Type IIA FDR.

1.  

   (4)     All helicopters of a maximum certificated take-off mass of over 7,000Kg, shall be equipped with a type IV FDR.

1.  

   (5)     All helicopters of a maximum certificated take-off mass of over 3,180Kg, for which the individual certificate of airworthiness is first issued after 1st January 2005, shall be equipped with a type IVA FDR.

Note: In anticipation of changing international requirements, the Authority recommends that all AOC holders of helicopters with a maximum certificated takeoff mass of over 2,700 kg up to and including 7,000Kg install a Type V FDR.

1.  

   (6)     The use of engraving metal foil and photographic film flight data recorders shall be discontinued.

1.  

   (7)     FDRs shall be capable of retaining the information recorded during at least the last -

   1.  

      (a)     Type I and II - 25 hours of operation;

   1.  

      (b)     Type IIA - 30 minutes of operation;

   1.  

      (c)     Type IV, IVA and V – 10 hours of operation.

Implementing Standard: See IS: 7.1.7.3 for specific data to be recorded by flight recorders.

7.1.8   EMERGENCY, RESCUE, AND SURVIVAL EQUIPMENT

7.1.8.1   Emergency Equipment: All Aircraft

1.  

   An item of emergency and flotation equipment shall be—

   1.  

      (a)     readily accessible to the crew and, with regard to equipment located in the passenger compartment, to passengers without appreciable time for preparatory procedures;

   1.  

      (b)     clearly identified and clearly marked to indicate its method of operation;

   1.  

      (c)     marked as to date of last inspection; and

   1.  

      (d)     marked as to contents when carried in a compartment or container.

7.1.8.2   Emergency Exit Equipment

1.  

   (1)     A passenger-carrying land plane emergency exit (other than overthe-wing) that is more than 6 feet from the ground with the aeroplane on the ground and the landing gear extended, shall have an approved means to assist the occupants in descending to the ground.

1.  

   (2)     A passenger emergency exit, its means of access, and its means of opening shall be conspicuously marked by a sign visible to occupants approaching along the main passenger aisle.

1.  

   (3)     A passenger-carrying aeroplane shall have an emergency lighting system, independent of the main lighting system that—

   1.  

      (a)     illuminates each passenger exit marking and locating sign;

   1.  

      (b)     provides enough general lighting in the passenger cabin; and

   1.  

      (c)     includes floor proximity emergency escape path marking for aircraft:

      1.  

         (i)     having a maximum total weight authorised exceeding 5,700kg,

      1.  

         (ii)     which are turbo-jet and which have a maximum total weight authorised exceeding 22,700kg,

      1.  

         (iii)     which, in accordance with the certificate of airworthiness, may carry more than 19 passengers.

1.  

   (4)     A passenger emergency exit and the means of opening that exit from the outside shall be marked on the outside of the aeroplane.

1.  

   (5)     [AOC] A passenger-carrying aeroplane shall be equipped with a slipresistant escape route that meets the requirements under which that aeroplane was type certified.

Implementing Standard: See IS: 7.1.8.2 for details of the emergency exit equipment requirements.

7.1.8.3   Visual Signalling Devices

1.  

   [AAC] A person shall not operate an aircraft over water or across land areas which have been designated by Saint Lucia as areas in which search and rescue would be especially difficult, unless equipped with such signalling devices as may be appropriate to the area overflown, to include—

   1.  

      (a)     visual signals for use by intercepting and intercepted aircraft; and

   1.  

      (b)     at least one pyrotechnic signalling device for each life raft required for overwater operations.

7.1.8.4   Survival Kits

1.  

   (1)     A person shall not operate an aircraft across land areas which have been designated by Saint Lucia as areas in which search and rescue would be especially difficult, unless equipped with enough survival kits for the number of occupants of the aircraft and is appropriately equipped for the route to be flown.

1.  

   (2)     A person shall not operate an aircraft over water at distances which require the carriage of life rafts, unless each raft is equipped with life saving equipment, including means of sustaining life.

7.1.8.5   Emergency Locator Transmitter

1.  

   (1)     All aircraft shall be equipped with at least one ELT.

1.  

   (2)     All helicopters on all flights operated across land areas which have been designated by Saint Lucia as areas in which search and rescue would be especially difficult, shall be equipped with at least one automatic ELT.

1.  

   (3)     From 1 January 2005, all aircraft on all flights operated across land areas which have been designated by Saint Lucia as areas in which search and rescue would be especially difficult, shall be equipped with at least one automatic ELT.

1.  

   (4)     From 1 January 2005, all aircraft operated on over water flights under the following conditions, shall be equipped with at least 2 ELTs, one of which shall be automatic:

   1.  

      (a)     on long range over water flights over routes on which the aircraft may be over water and at more than a distance corresponding to 120 minutes at cruising speed or 740km (400NM), whichever is the lesser;

   1.  

      (b)     on flights away from land suitable for making an emergency landing in the event of the critical power unit becoming inoperative at any point along the route;

   1.  

      (c)     on flights away from land suitable for making an emergency landing when two power units are inoperative on aircraft having 3 or more power units; and

   1.  

      (d)     for all other aircraft, over routes on which the aircraft may be over water and at more than a distance corresponding to 30 minutes or 185km, whichever is the lesser.

1.  

   (5)     A person shall not operate an aircraft in extended overwater operations without having on the aircraft a survival type ELT that transmits simultaneously on 121.5 and 243.0 MHz, and meets technical standards specified by the Authority.

1.  

   (6)     At least one survival type ELT shall be located with each liferaft carried (See 7.1.8.17).

1.  

   (7)     Batteries used in ELT's shall be replaced (or recharged if the battery is rechargeable) when—

   1.  

      (a)     the transmitter has been in use for more than one cumulative hour; or

   1.  

      (b)     50 per cent of their useful life (or for rechargeable batteries, 50 per cent of their useful life of charge) has expired.

1.  

   (8)     The expiration date for a replacement or recharged ELT battery shall be legibly marked on the outside of the transmitter.

Note: The battery useful life (or useful life of charge) requirements do not apply to batteries (such as water-activated batteries) that are essentially unaffected during probable storage intervals.

7.1.8.6   Portable Fire Extinguishers

1.  

   [AOC] A person shall not operate an aircraft unless it is equipped with portable fire extinguishers accessible for use in crew, passenger, and cargo compartments as follows:

   1.  

      (a)     the type and quantity of extinguishing agent shall be suitable for the kinds of fires likely to occur in the compartment where the extinguisher is intended to be used;

Note: For passenger compartments, the extinguisher shall be designed to minimize the hazard of toxic gas concentrations.

1.  

   (b)     at least one portable fire extinguisher shall be provided and conveniently located for use in each Class E cargo compartment which is accessible to crew members during flight, and at least one shall be located in each upper and lower lobe galley;

1.  

   (c)     at least one portable fire extinguisher shall be conveniently located on the flight deck for use by the flight crew;

1.  

   (d)     at least one portable fire extinguisher shall be conveniently located in the passenger compartment of aircraft having a passenger seating capacity of 30 or less;

1.  

   (e)     for each aircraft having a passenger seating capacity of more than 30, there shall be at least the following number of portable fire extinguishers conveniently located and uniformly distributed throughout the compartment:

   Minimum Number of Hand Fire Extinguishers Passenger Seating	Capacity
   30 through 60	2
   61 through 200	3
   201 through 300	4
   301 through 400	5
   401 through 500	6
   501 through 600	7
   601 or more	8

7.1.8.7   Lavatory Fire Extinguisher

1.  

   (1)     A person shall not operate a passenger-carrying transport category aircraft unless each lavatory in the aeroplane is equipped with a built-in fire extinguisher for each disposal receptacle for towels, paper, or waste located within the lavatory.

1.  

   (2)     Built-in lavatory fire extinguishers shall be designed to discharge automatically into each disposal receptacle upon occurrence of a fire in the receptacle.

7.1.8.8   Lavatory Smoke Detector

1.  

   A person shall not operate a passenger-carrying transport category aeroplane unless each lavatory in the aeroplane is equipped with a smoke detector system or equivalent that provides—

   1.  

      (a)     a warning light in the cockpit; or

   1.  

      (b)     a warning light or audio warning in the passenger cabin which would be readily detected by a Cabin Crew, taking into consideration the positioning of Cabin Crew throughout the passenger compartment during various phases of flight.

7.1.8.9   Crash Axe

1.  

   An AOC holder shall not operate a large aircraft unless it is equipped with a crash axe appropriate to effective use in that type of aircraft, stored in a place not visible to passengers on the aircraft.

7.1.8.10   Marking of Break-in Points

1.  

   (1)     If areas of the fuselage suitable for break-in by rescue crews in an emergency are marked on an aircraft, such areas shall be marked as shown below, and the colour of the markings shall be red or yellow and, if necessary, they shall be outlined in white to contrast with the background.

1.  

   (2)     If the corner markings are more than 2 m apart, intermediate lines 9 cm x 3 cm shall be inserted so that there is no more than 2 m between adjacent markings.

7.1.8.11   First-Aid and Emergency Medical Kit

1.  

   (1)     A person shall not operate an aircraft unless it is equipped with accessible first-aid kits and, on passenger flights in aircraft authorized to carry more than 250 passengers, an approved emergency medical kit for treatment of injuries or medical emergencies that might occur during flight time or in minor accidents.

1.  

   (2)     The number of first-aid kits to be carried shall be to the following scale:

   Number of passenger seats installed	Number of first-aid kits required
   0 to 50	1
   51 to 150	2
   151 to 250	3
   250 and more	4

Note: See IS 7.1.8.11

7.1.8.12   Oxygen Storage and Dispensing Apparatus

1.  

   (1)     All aircraft intended to be operated at altitudes requiring the use of supplemental oxygen shall be equipped with adequate oxygen storage and dispensing apparatus.

1.  

   (2)     The oxygen apparatus, the minimum rate of oxygen flow, and the supply of oxygen shall meet applicable airworthiness standards for type certification in the transport category as specified by the Authority.

1.  

   (3)     An AOC holder shall not operate an aircraft at altitudes above 10,000 feet unless it is equipped with oxygen masks, located so as to be within the immediate reach of flight crew members while at their assigned duty station.

1.  

   (4)     An AOC holder shall not operate a pressurised aircraft at altitudes above 25,000 feet unless:

   1.  

      (a)     flight crew member oxygen masks are of a quick donning type;

   1.  

      (b)     sufficient spare outlets and masks and/or sufficient portable oxygen units with masks are distributed evenly throughout the cabin to ensure immediate availability of oxygen to each required cabin crew member regardless of his location at the time of cabin pressurisation failure;

   1.  

      (c)     an oxygen-dispensing unit connected to oxygen supply terminals is installed so as to be immediately available to each occupant, wherever seated. The total number of dispensing units and outlets shall exceed the number of seats by at least 10%. The extra units are to be evenly distributed throughout the cabin.

1.  

   (5)     The amount of supplemental oxygen for sustenance required for a particular operation shall be determined on the basis of flight altitudes and flight duration, consistent with the operating procedures established for each operation in the Operations Manual and with the routes to be flown, and with the emergency procedures specified in the Operations Manual.

Implementing Standard: See IS: 7.1.8.12 to determine the amount of supplemental oxygen needed for non-pressurised and pressurised aircraft.

7.1.8.13   Protective Breathing Equipment

1.  

   (1)     An AOC holder shall not operate an aircraft with a maximum certified takeoff mass exceeding 5,700 kg. or having a maximum approved seating configuration of more than 19 seats unless—

   1.  

      (a)     it has PBE to protect the eyes, nose and mouth of at least one flight crew member while on flight deck duty and to provide oxygen for a period of not less than 15 minutes; and

   1.  

      (b)     it has sufficient portable PBE to protect the eyes, nose and mouth of all required cabin crew members and to provide breathing gas for a period of not less than 15 minutes.

1.  

   (2)     The oxygen supply for PBE may be provided by the required supplemental oxygen system.

1.  

   (3)     The PBE intended for flight crew use shall be conveniently located on the flight deck and be easily accessible for immediate use by each required flight crew member at their assigned duty station.

1.  

   (4)     The PBE intended for cabin crew use shall be installed adjacent to each required cabin crew member duty station.

1.  

   (5)     Easily accessible portable PBE shall be provided and located at or adjacent to the required hand fire extinguishers except that, where the fire extinguisher is located inside a cargo compartment, the PBE shall be stowed outside but adjacent to the entrance to that compartment.

1.  

   (6)     The PBE while in use shall not prevent required communication.

7.1.8.14   First Aid Oxygen Dispensing Units

1.  

   (1)     An AOC holder shall not conduct a passenger carrying operation in a pressurised aircraft at altitudes above 25,000 feet, when a cabin crew member is required to be carried, unless it is equipped with—

   1.  

      (a)     undiluted first-aid oxygen for passengers who, for physiological reasons, may require oxygen following a cabin depressurisation; and

   1.  

      (b)     a sufficient number of dispensing units, but in no case less than two, with a means for cabin crew to use the supply.

1.  

   (2)     The amount of first-aid oxygen required in paragraph (1) for a particular operation and route shall be determined on the basis of—

   1.  

      (a)     flight duration after cabin depressurisation at cabin altitudes of more than 8,000 feet;

   1.  

      (b)     an average flow rate of at least 3 litres Standard Temperature Pressure Dry/minute/person; and

   1.  

      (c)     at least 2% of the passengers carried, but in no case for lessthan one person.

7.1.8.15   Megaphones

1.  

   (1)     Each person operating a passenger-carrying aircraft shall have a portable battery-powered megaphone or megaphones readily accessible to the crew members assigned to direct emergency evacuation.

1.  

   (2)     The number and location of megaphones required in paragraph (1) shall be determined as follows:

   1.  

      (a)     on aircraft with a seating capacity of more than 19 and less than 100 passengers, one megaphone shall be located in the passengercabin where it would be readily accessible to a normal Cabin Crew seat; and

   1.  

      (b)     on aircraft with a seating capacity of more than 99 passengers, two megaphones in the passenger cabin on each aircraft one installed at the forward end and the other at the most rearward location where it would be readily accessible to a normal Cabin Crew seat.

7.1.8.16   Individual Flotation Devices

1.  

   (1)     All Seaplanes on all flights, all other multi engine aircraft operated on flights over water at a distance of more than 93 km (50 NM) from land suitable for making an emergency landing, all single engine aircraft when flying over water beyond gliding distance from shore and all aircraft taking off or landing at an aerodrome where, in the opinion of the Authority, the take off or approach path is so disposed over water that in the event of a mishap there would be a likelihood of a ditching, shall be equipped with one life jacket for each person on board

1.  

   (2)     All life jackets shall be stowed in a position easily accessible from the seat or berth of the person for whose use it is provided.

1.  

   (3)     For extended overwater operations, each individual life jacket shall be fitted with an approved survivor locator light.

1.  

   (4)     Upon application by an aircraft operator, the Authority may approve the operation of an aircraft over water without individual life jackets,if the aircraft operator shows that the water over which the aircraft is to be operated is not of such size and depth that individual life jackets should be required for the survival of its occupants in the event the flight terminates in that water.

7.1.8.17   LIFE RAFT

1.  

   (1)     A person shall not operate an aircraft in commercial air transport in extended overwater operations without having on the aircraft enough life rafts with rated capacities and buoyancy to accommodate the occupants of the aircraft.

Note: Unless excess rafts of enough capacity are provided, the buoyancy and seating capacity of the rafts shall accommodate all occupants of the aircraft in the event of a loss of one raft of the largest rated capacity.

1.  

   (2)     Life rafts shall be stowed so as to facilitate their ready use in emergency.

1.  

   (3)     Life rafts shall be equipped with—

   1.  

      (a)     a survivor locator light;

   1.  

      (b)     a survival kit;

   1.  

      (c)     a pyrotechnic signalling device; and

   1.  

      (d)     an ELT (See 7.1.8.5).

1.  

   (4)     Life rafts which are not deployable by remote control and which have a mass of more than 40 kg shall be equipped with some means of mechanically assisted deployment.

7.1.8.18   Flotation Device for Helicopter Ditching

1.  

   All helicopters flying over water at a distance from land corresponding to more than 10 minutes at normal cruise speed in the case of performance Class 1 or 2 helicopters, or flying over water beyond autorotational or safe forced landing distance from land in the case of performance Class 3 helicopters, shall be fitted with a permanent or rapidly deployable means of floatation so as to ensure a safe ditching of the helicopter.

7.1.9   Miscellaneous Systems and Equipment

7.1.9.1   Seats, Safety Belts and Shoulder Harnesses

1.  

   An aircraft used in passenger operations shall be equipped with the following seats, safety belts, and shoulder harnesses that meet the airworthiness requirements for type certification of that aircraft:

   1.  

      (a)     a seat or berth with safety belt for each person on board over an age of 2;

Note: A berth designed to be occupied by 2 persons, such as a multiple lounge or divan seat, shall be equipped with an approved safety belt for use by 2 occupants during en route flight only.

1.  

   (b)     a flight deck station with a combined safety belt and shoulder harness;

1.  

   (c)     a forward or rearward facing (within 15 degrees of the longitudinal axis of the aircraft) seat in the passenger compartment, for the use of each cabin crew member required to satisfy the intent of 9.3.1.7 in respect of emergency evacuation.

7.1.9.2   Passenger and Pilot Compartment Doors

1.  

   (1)     In all aircraft which are equipped with a flight crew compartment door, this door shall be capable of being locked and, means provided by which cabin crew can discretely notify the flight crew in the event of suspicious activity or security breaches in the cabin.

1.  

   (2)     All passenger carrying aircraft of a maximum certificated take off mass in excess of 45,500 kg or with a passenger seating capacity greater then 60 shall be equipped with an approved flight crew compartment door that is designed to resist penetration by small arms fire and grenade shrapnel and, to resist forcible intrusions by unauthorised persons. This door shall be capable of being locked and unlocked from either pilot's station.

1.  

   (3)     In all aircraft equipped with a flight crew compartment door in accordance with (2) this door shall be closed and locked from the time all external doors are closed following embarkation until any such door is opened for disembarkation, except when necessary to permit access and egress by authorised persons; and means shall be provided for monitoring from either pilot's station the entire door area outside the flight crew compartment to identify persons requesting entry and, to detect suspicious behaviour or potential threat.

7.1.9.3   Passenger Information Signs

1.  

   An aircraft over 5,700kg shall not operate unless it is equipped with—

   1.  

      (a)     at least one passenger information sign (using either letters or symbols) notifying when smoking is prohibited and one sign (using either letters or symbols) notifying when safety belts should be fastened and shall, when illuminated, be legible to each person seated in the passenger cabin under all probable conditions of cabin illumination;

   1.  

      (b)     signs which notify when safety belts should be fastened and when smoking is prohibited and shall be so constructed that the crew can turn them on and off;

   1.  

      (c)     a sign or placard affixed to each forward bulkhead and each passenger seat back that reads “Fasten Seat Belt While Seated.”

7.1.9.4   Public Address System

1.  

   An AOC holder shall not operate a passenger carrying aircraft with a maximum approved passenger seating configuration of more than 19 unless a public address system is installed that—

   1.  

      (a)     operates independently of the interphone systems except for handsets, headsets, microphones, selector switches and signaling devices;

   1.  

      (b)     for each required floor level passenger emergency exit which has an adjacent cabin crew seat, has a microphone which is readily accessible to the seated cabin crew member, except that one microphone may serve more than one exit, provided the proximity of the exits allows unassisted verbal communication between seated cabin crew members; and

   1.  

      (c)     is capable of operation within 10 seconds by a cabin crew member at each of those stations in the compartment from which its use is accessible; and

   1.  

      (d)     is audible and intelligible at all passenger seats, toilets, and cabin crew seats and workstations.

7.1.9.5   Materials for Cabin Interiors

1.  

   (1)     Upon the first major overhaul of an aircraft cabin or refurbishing of the cabin interior, all materials in each compartment used by the crew or passengers that do not meet the current airworthiness requirements pertaining to materials used in the interior of the cabin for type certification in the transport category as cited by the Authority, shall be replaced with materials that meet the requirements specified by the Authority.

1.  

   (2)     Seat cushions, except those on flight crew member seats, in any compartment occupied by crew or passengers shall meet requirements pertaining to fire protection as specified by the Authority.

7.1.9.6   Materials for Cargo and Baggage Compartments

1.  

   A Class C or D cargo compartment greater than 200 cubic feet in volume in a transport category aircraft type certified after January 1, 1958 shall have ceiling and sidewall liner panels which are constructed of—

   1.  

      (a)     glass fibre reinforced resin;

   1.  

      (b)     materials which meet the test requirements for flame resistance of cargo compartment liners as prescribed for type certification; or

   1.  

      (c)     in the case of installations approved prior to March 20, 1989, aluminium.

Note: The term “liner” includes any design feature, such as a joint or fastener, which would affect the capability of the liner to safely contain fire.

7.1.9.7   Power Supply, Distribution, and Indication System

1.  

   (1)     An AOC holder shall not operate an aircraft unless it is equipped with—

   1.  

      (a)     a power supply and distribution system that meets the airworthiness requirements for certification of an aircraft in the transport category, as specified by the Authority; or

   1.  

      (b)     a power supply and distribution system that is able to produce and distribute the load for the required instruments and equipment, with use of an external power supply if any one power source or component of the power distribution system fails;

Note: The use of common elements in the power system may be approved if the Authority finds that they are designed to be reasonably protected against malfunctioning.

1.  

   (c)     a means for indicating the adequacy of the power being supplied to required flight instruments.

1.  

   (2)     Engine-driven sources of energy, when used, shall be on separate engines.

7.1.9.8   Protective Circuit Fuses

1.  

   An AOC holder shall not operate an aircraft in which protective fuses are installed unless there are spare fuses available for use in flight equal to at least 10% of the number of fuses of each rating or 3 of each rating whichever is the greater.

7.1.9.9   Icing Protection Equipment

1.  

   (1)     Unless an aircraft is certified under the transport category airworthiness requirements relating to ice protection, A person shall not operate an aircraft in icing conditions unless it is equipped for the prevention or removal of ice on windshields, wings, empennage, propellers and other parts of the aircraft where ice formation will adversely affect the safety of the aircraft.

1.  

   (2)     An AOC holder shall not operate an aircraft in expected or actual icing conditions at night unless it is equipped with a means to illuminate or detect the formation of ice.

Note: Any illumination that is used shall be of a type that will not cause glare or reflection that would handicap crew members in the performance of their duties.

7.1.9.10   Pitot Heat Indication Systems

1.  

   (1)     A person shall not operate an aircraft in flight unless it is equipped with an airspeed indicating system with a heated pitot tube or equivalent means of preventing malfunctions due to either condensation or icing.

1.  

   (2)     An AOC holder shall not operate a transport category aircraft equipped with a flight instrument pitot heating system unless the aircraft is also equipped with an operable pitot heat indication system that complies with the following requirements:

   1.  

      (a)     the indication provided shall incorporate an amber light that is in clear view of a flight crew member;

   1.  

      (b)     the indication provided shall be designed to alert the flight crew if either the pitot heating system is switched “off,” or the pitot heating system is switched “on” and any pitot tube heating element is inoperative.

7.1.9.11   Static Pressure System

1.  

   (1)     A person shall not operate an aircraft unless it is equipped with two independent static pressure systems, vented to the outside atmospheric pressure so that they will be least affected by airflow variation or moisture or other foreign matter and installed so as to be airtight except for the vent.

1.  

   (2)     Propeller driven aircraft of less than 5,700 kg MTOW may have one static pressure system which includes an alternate static source.

7.1.9.12   Windshield Wipers

1.  

   An AOC holder shall not operate an aircraft with a maximum certified takeoff mass of more than 5,700 kg unless it is equipped at each pilot station with a windshield wiper or equivalent means to maintain a clear portion of the windshield during precipitation.

7.1.9.13   Chart Holder

1.  

   Aircraft that have been originally type certificated with chart holders must have one installed. An AOC holder shall not operate an aircraft with a chart holder unless it can be illuminated for night operations.

7.1.9.14   Cosmic Radiation Detection Equipment

1.  

   An AOC holder shall ensure that aircraft intended to be operated above 15,000 m (49,000 ft) are equipped with an instrument to measure and indicate continuously the dose rate of total cosmic radiation being received (i.e., the total of ionising and neutron radiation of galactic and solar origin) and the cumulative dose on each flight. The operator shall maintain records so that the total cosmic radiation dose received by each crew member over a period of 12 consecutive months can be determined. The operator shall maintain records so that the total cosmic radiation dose received by each crew member over a period of 12 consecutive months can be determined.

7.1.9.15   Maritime Sound Signalling Device

1.  

   All seaplanes for all flights shall be equipped with equipment for making the sound signals prescribed in the International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea, where applicable.

7.1.9.16   Anchors

1.  

   All seaplanes for all flights shall be equipped with one anchor, and one sea anchor (drogue), when necessary to assist in manoeuvring (approval for the anchors not required).

1.  

   Note.- “Seaplanes” includes amphibians operated as seaplanes.

7.1.9.17   Outside Air Temperature

1.  

   A person shall not operate an aircraft in flight unless it is equipped with a means of indicating the outside air temperature in the flight crew compartment.

PART 8
OPERATIONS

CONTENTS