In addition to any other ground on which—
(a) an application for the registration of a trade mark as a defensive trade mark may be rejected; or
(b) the registration of a trade mark as a defensive trade mark may be opposed,
the application shall be rejected or the registration may be opposed—
(c) if the trade mark is not registered as a trade mark in the name of the applicant; or
(d) in the case of a registered trade mark, if it is not likely that the use of the trade mark in relation to the goods or services in respect of which its registration as a defensive trade mark is sought will be taken to indicate that there is a connection between those goods or services and the registered owner.