(1) Where evidence that a witness—
(a) is biased or has a motive to be untruthful;
(b) has been convicted of an offence, including an offence against the law of a foreign country; or
(c) made a prior inconsistent statement,
is adduced, otherwise than from the witness, the credibility rule does not prevent the admission or use of the evidence if the witness has denied the substance of the evidence.
(2) Where evidence that a witness—
(a) is or was unable to be aware of matters to which his or her evidence relates; or
(b) knowingly or recklessly made a false representation while under an obligation imposed by or under a law, including a law of a foreign country, to tell the truth,
is adduced, otherwise than from the witness, the credibility rule does not prevent the admission or use of the evidence if the circumstances set out in subsection (3) exist.
(3) The circumstances referred to in subsection (2) are as follows—
(a) that the witness has denied the substance of the evidence; and
(b) that the court has given leave to adduce the evidence.